External balance on goods and services (% of GDP)

Data - WDI

Author

François Geerolf

Info

source dataset Title .html .rData
wdi NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27
wdi BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS Current account balance (% of GDP) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27

Data on main macro

source dataset Title .html .rData
wdi NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27
eurostat nama_10_a10 Gross value added and income by A*10 industry breakdowns 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat nama_10_a10_e Employment by A*10 industry breakdowns 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat nama_10_gdp GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income) 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat nama_10_lp_ulc Labour productivity and unit labour costs 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat namq_10_a10 Gross value added and income A*10 industry breakdowns 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat namq_10_a10_e Employment A*10 industry breakdowns 2025-05-24 2025-09-26
eurostat namq_10_gdp GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income) 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat namq_10_lp_ulc Labour productivity and unit labour costs 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat namq_10_pc Main GDP aggregates per capita 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat nasa_10_nf_tr Non-financial transactions 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
eurostat nasq_10_nf_tr Non-financial transactions 2025-10-01 2025-09-26
fred gdp Gross Domestic Product 2025-10-02 2025-10-01
oecd QNA Quarterly National Accounts 2024-06-06 2025-05-24
oecd SNA_TABLE1 Gross domestic product (GDP) 2025-09-29 2025-05-24
oecd SNA_TABLE14A Non-financial accounts by sectors 2025-09-29 2024-06-30
oecd SNA_TABLE2 Disposable income and net lending - net borrowing 2024-07-01 2024-04-11
oecd SNA_TABLE6A Value added and its components by activity, ISIC rev4 2024-07-01 2024-06-30
wdi NY.GDP.MKTP.CD GDP (current USD) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27
wdi NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD GDP, PPP (current international D) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27
wdi NY.GDP.PCAP.CD GDP per capita (current USD) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27
wdi NY.GDP.PCAP.KD GDP per capita (constant 2015 USD) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27
wdi NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD GDP per capita, PPP (current international D) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27
wdi NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international D) 2025-10-02 2025-09-27

LAST_COMPILE

LAST_COMPILE
2025-10-10

Last

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  group_by(year) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(desc(year)) %>%
  head(1) %>%
  print_table_conditional()
year Nobs
2024 177

Nobs - Javascript

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  group_by(iso2c, Iso2c) %>%
  mutate(value = round(value, 2)) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            `Year 1` = first(year),
            `NX 1 (%)` = first(value),
            `Year 2` = last(year),
            `NX 2 (%)` = last(value)) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Iso2c)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../bib/flags/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

Crises in Emerging Markets (Source: Vegh (2013))

1982: Southern Cone - Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AR", "CL", "UY"),
         date >= as.Date("1976-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1987-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2024, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

1994: Mexico

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("MX"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS"),
         date <= as.Date("1999-01-01"),
         date >= as.Date("1989-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

1997: Russia

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("RU"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS"),
         date <= as.Date("2002-01-01"),
         date >= as.Date("1980-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

1997: East Asia - Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("ID", "KR", "MY", "TH"),
         date <= as.Date("2002-01-01"),
         date >= as.Date("1992-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

2001: Turkey

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("TR"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS"),
         date <= as.Date("2006-01-01"),
         date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Israel

All

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("IL"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.7, 0.2)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

1990

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("IL"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS"),
         date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.7, 0.2)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

2000

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("IL"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS"),
         date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.7, 0.2)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2025, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

1989-1999

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("IL"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS"),
         date <= as.Date("1999-01-01"),
         date >= as.Date("1989-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Vietnam

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("VN"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.95)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2025, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Afghanistan

All

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AF"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.95)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2025, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

2008-

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AF"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS")) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2008-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("External Balance, Current Account (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.7, 0.8)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 5),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

China

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("VN"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.95)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2025, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Sweden

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("SE"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.95)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Germany

Code 
WDI %>%
  left_join(iso3c, by = "iso3c") %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("DE"),
         INDICATOR %in% c("NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS", "BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS")) %>%
  left_join(INDICATOR, by = "INDICATOR") %>%
  ggplot(.) + xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = Indicator, linetype = Indicator)) + 
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.3, 0.95)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2025, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

France, New Zealand, Switzerland

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("NZ", "FR", "CH")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

France, Germany, Italy

Viridis

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("IT", "FR", "DE")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Flags

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("IT", "FR", "DE")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Germany, France, Switzerland

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CH", "FR", "DE"),
         date >= as.Date("1970-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                     limits = c(-0.05, 0.14)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Exportations Nettes (% du PIB)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "grey")

Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("PL", "HU", "CZ"),
         date >= as.Date("1970-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Exportations Nettes (% du PIB)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "grey")

France, Spain, Portugal

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("ES", "FR", "DE", "PT"),
         date >= as.Date("1970-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Exportations Nettes (% du PIB)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "grey")

Germany, France, China

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "FR", "DE"),
         date >= as.Date("1970-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                     limits = c(-0.05, 0.09)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("External balance on goods and services (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "grey")

Germany, France, China, United States

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "FR", "DE", "US"),
         date >= as.Date("1970-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("External balance on goods and services (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "grey")

Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Kuwait

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("SA", "JO", "KW")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-200, 200, 10),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Lebanon, Barbados, Italy

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("LB", "BB", "IT"),
         year >= 2000) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 5),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                     limits = c(-0.35, 0.05)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("External balance on goods and services (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Canada, Israel, The Netherlands

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CA", "IL", "NL")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AR", "CL", "UY")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

China, Germany, United States

Viridis

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "US", "DE")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")

Flags

Code 
NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "US", "DE")) %>%
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(value = value/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Net Exports (% of GDP)") + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed",  color = "black")