Financial market data

Data - ECB

Author

François Geerolf 

Error in readChar(con, 5L, useBytes = TRUE) : 
  impossible d'ouvrir la connexion

Info

source dataset Title .html .rData
ecb FM Financial market data 2025-11-13 2025-08-29

LAST_COMPILE

LAST_COMPILE
2025-11-15

Last

TIME_PERIOD FREQ Nobs
2025-Q2 Q 23
2025-08-29 D 6
2025-07 M 36
2025-06-11 B 6
2024 A 25

Last Day

TITLE TIME_PERIOD OBS_VALUE
Deposit facility - date of changes (raw data) - Change in percentage points compared to previous rate 2025-08-29 -0.25
Deposit facility - date of changes (raw data) - Level 2025-08-29 2.00
Marginal lending facility - date of changes (raw data) - Change in percentage points compared to previous rate 2025-08-29 -0.25
Marginal lending facility - date of changes (raw data) - Level 2025-08-29 2.40
Main refinancing operations - fixed rate tenders (fixed rate) (date of changes) - Level 2025-08-29 2.15
Main refinancing operations - Minimum bid rate/fixed rate (date of changes) - Level 2025-08-29 2.15

PROVIDER_FM_ID

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  group_by(PROVIDER_FM_ID, PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F) else .}

FREQ

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(FREQ,  by = "FREQ") %>%
  group_by(FREQ, Freq) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
FREQ Freq Nobs
A Annual 865
B Daily - businessweek 386
D Daily 58424
M Monthly 20841
Q Quarterly 3531

REF_AREA

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(REF_AREA,  by = "REF_AREA") %>%
  group_by(REF_AREA, Ref_area) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", Ref_area))),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

CURRENCY

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(CURRENCY,  by = "CURRENCY") %>%
  group_by(CURRENCY, Currency) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
CURRENCY Currency Nobs
EUR Euro 73262
USD US dollar 5547
JPY Japanese yen 3573
GBP UK pound sterling 810
DKK Danish krone 443
SEK Swedish krona 412

PROVIDER_FM

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM,  by = "PROVIDER_FM") %>%
  group_by(PROVIDER_FM, Provider_fm) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
PROVIDER_FM Provider_fm Nobs
4F ECB 69045
DS DataStream 9648
RT Reuters 5354

INSTRUMENT_FM

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(INSTRUMENT_FM,  by = "INSTRUMENT_FM") %>%
  group_by(INSTRUMENT_FM, Instrument_fm) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
INSTRUMENT_FM Instrument_fm Nobs
KR Key interest rate 58994
EI Equity/index 8793
BB Benchmark bond 7869
MM Money Market 6150
BZ Zero-coupon yield bond 845
SP Spread 807
CY Commodity 589

DATA_TYPE_FM

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(DATA_TYPE_FM,  by = "DATA_TYPE_FM") %>%
  group_by(DATA_TYPE_FM, Data_type_fm) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
DATA_TYPE_FM Data_type_fm Nobs
LEV Level 39153
CHG Change in percentage points compared to previous rate 19657
HSTA Historical close, average of observations through period 14861
YLDA Yield, average of observations through period 4534
YLD Yield 3335
ASKA Ask price or primary activity, average of observations through period 855
YLDE Yield, end of period 845
SPRE Spread, end of period 807

COLLECTION

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(COLLECTION,  by = "COLLECTION") %>%
  group_by(COLLECTION, Collection) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
COLLECTION Collection Nobs
A Average of observations through period 20271
E End of period 63776

UNIT

Code 
FM %>%
  left_join(UNIT,  by = "UNIT") %>%
  group_by(UNIT, Unit) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
UNIT Unit Nobs
EUR Euro 160
PC Percent 19657
PCPA Percent per annum 55437
POINTS Points 8793

TITLE

Code 
FM %>%
  group_by(TITLE) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F) else .}

Real Rates

USA, Euro Area

1999

Code 
plot <- FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("R_US10YT_RR", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") %>%
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", "Zone euro", "États-Unis")) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) %>%
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Taux d'intérêt réels à 10 ans") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE, color = Ref_area)) + 
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#B22234", "#003399")) +
  geom_rect(data = nber_recessions %>%
              filter(Peak > as.Date("1999-01-01")), 
            aes(xmin = Peak, xmax = Trough, ymin =-Inf, ymax = +Inf), 
            fill = '#B22234', alpha = 0.1)  +
  geom_rect(data = cepr_recessions %>%
              filter(Peak > as.Date("1999-01-01")), 
            aes(xmin = Peak, xmax = Trough, ymin = -Inf, ymax = +Inf), 
            fill = '#003399', alpha = 0.1)  +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1999, 2100, 5), seq(1997, 2100, 5)) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.26, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  labs(caption = "Source: BCE, Données sur les marchés financiers")
save(plot, file = "FM_files/figure-html/real-rates-USA-EUR-1999-1.RData")
plot

USA, Japan, Euro Area

All

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("R_US10YT_RR", "R_JP10YT_RR", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") %>%
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", "Europe", Ref_area)) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Ref_area" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", color2, color)) %>%
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Real rates, 10-year") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE, color = color)) + 
  add_flags(3) + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))

2010-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("R_US10YT_RR", "R_JP10YT_RR", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") %>%
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", "Europe", Ref_area)) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2010-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Ref_area" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", color2, color)) %>%
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Real rates, 10-year") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE, color = color)) + 
  add_flags(3) + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))

2015-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("R_US10YT_RR", "R_JP10YT_RR", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") %>%
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", "Europe", Ref_area)) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2015-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Ref_area" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", color2, color)) %>%
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Real rates, 10-year") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE, color = color)) + 
  add_flags(3) + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))

2017-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("R_US10YT_RR", "R_JP10YT_RR", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") %>%
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", "Europe", Ref_area)) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Ref_area" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "U2", color2, color)) %>%
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE/100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Real rates, 10-year") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE, color = color)) + 
  add_flags(3) + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))

ECB Key Interest rates

EONIA

All

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT", "EONIA"),
         FREQ == "M") %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2025, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.45, 0.92),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Deposit Facility, Marginal Lending Facility

All

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT", "MRR_FR", "MRR_MBR", "MRR"),
         DATA_TYPE_FM == "LEV",
         FREQ == "D") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2025, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.45, 0.92),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Deposit Facility, Marginal Lending Facility

All

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT"),
         DATA_TYPE_FM == "LEV",
         FREQ == "D") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  mutate(Provider_fm_id = factor(PROVIDER_FM_ID,
                                 levels = c("MLFR", "MRR_RT", "DFR"),
                                 labels = c("ECB Marginal lending facility",
                                            "ECB Main refinancing operations",
                                            "ECB Deposit facility"))) %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = Provider_fm_id)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2025, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.92),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 3.75/100, linetype = "dashed")

2010

Code 
dates_ecb <- FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID == "DFR") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE-lag(OBS_VALUE)) %>%
  filter(OBS_VALUE != 0) %>%
  pull(date)
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT"),
         DATA_TYPE_FM == "LEV",
         FREQ == "D") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  mutate(Provider_fm_id = factor(PROVIDER_FM_ID,
                                 levels = c("MLFR", "MRR_RT", "DFR"),
                                 labels = c("ECB Marginal lending facility",
                                            "ECB Main refinancing operations - Minimum bid rate/fixed rate",
                                            "ECB Deposit facility"))) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2010-01-01"))%>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = Provider_fm_id)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = dates_ecb,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 0.5),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.45, 0.92),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2016-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT"),
         DATA_TYPE_FM == "LEV",
         FREQ == "D") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2016-01-01"))%>%
  mutate(Provider_fm_id = factor(PROVIDER_FM_ID,
                                 levels = c("MLFR", "MRR_RT", "DFR"),
                                 labels = c("ECB Marginal lending facility",
                                            "ECB Main refinancing operations - Minimum bid rate/fixed rate",
                                            "ECB Deposit facility"))) %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = Provider_fm_id)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2025, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.45, 0.92),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2022-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT"),
         DATA_TYPE_FM == "LEV",
         FREQ == "D") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) %>%
  add_row(date = as.Date("2025-06-11"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "DFR", OBS_VALUE = 2) %>%
  add_row(date = as.Date("2025-06-11"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "MRR_RT", OBS_VALUE = 2.15) %>%
  add_row(date = as.Date("2025-06-11"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "MLFR", OBS_VALUE = 2.4) %>%
  add_row(date = as.Date("2025-06-10"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "DFR", OBS_VALUE = 2.25) %>%
  add_row(date = as.Date("2025-06-10"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "MRR_RT", OBS_VALUE = 2.4) %>%
  add_row(date = as.Date("2025-06-10"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "MLFR", OBS_VALUE = 2.65) %>%
  arrange(desc(date)) %>%
  #add_row(date = as.Date("2024-09-17"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "DFR", OBS_VALUE = 3.5) %>%
  #add_row(date = as.Date("2024-09-17"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "MRR_RT", OBS_VALUE = 3.65) %>%
  #add_row(date = as.Date("2024-09-17"), PROVIDER_FM_ID = "MLFR", OBS_VALUE = 3.9) %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  mutate(Provider_fm_id = factor(PROVIDER_FM_ID,
                                 levels = c("MLFR", "MRR_RT", "DFR"),
                                 labels = c("ECB Marginal lending facility",
                                            "ECB Main refinancing operations - Minimum bid rate/fixed rate",
                                            "ECB Deposit facility"))) %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = Provider_fm_id)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %B %Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 0.5),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) +
  geom_label_repel(data = . %>% filter(date == max(date)),
                   aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, label = percent(OBS_VALUE / 100, acc = 0.01), color = Provider_fm_id))

2022 - Dates of change

  • Schedules for the meetings of the Governing Council. html

  • Key ECB interest rates: Dates of change. html

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT"),
         DATA_TYPE_FM == "LEV",
         FREQ == "D") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  mutate(Provider_fm_id = factor(PROVIDER_FM_ID,
                                 levels = c("MLFR", "MRR_RT", "DFR"),
                                 labels = c("ECB Marginal lending facility",
                                            "ECB Main refinancing operations",
                                            "ECB Deposit facility"))) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2022-07-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = Provider_fm_id)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb, Sys.Date()),
               labels = date_format("%d %B %Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 0.5),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.7, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1))

Around September 2022

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("DFR", "MLFR", "MRR_RT"),
         DATA_TYPE_FM == "LEV",
         FREQ == "D") %>%
  day_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2022-09-05"),
         date <= as.Date("2022-09-20")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(from = as.Date("2022-01-01"), as.Date("2026-01-01"), by = "1 day"),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 50, 0.25),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = .01)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.4, 0.92),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1))

Japan

1970-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("JP10YT_RR", "R_JP10YT_RR")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-50, 50, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.75, 0.9),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2000-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("JP10YT_RR", "R_JP10YT_RR")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-50, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  
  theme(legend.position = c(0.75, 0.9),
        legend.title = element_blank())

United States

1970-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("US10YT_RR", "R_US10YT_RR")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-50, 50, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  
  theme(legend.position = c(0.75, 0.9),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2000-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("US10YT_RR", "R_US10YT_RR")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-50, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  
  theme(legend.position = c(0.75, 0.9),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Euro area

1970-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("U2_10Y", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-50, 50, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  
  theme(legend.position = c(0.75, 0.9),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2000-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("U2_10Y", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-50, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2015-

Code 
FM %>%
  filter(PROVIDER_FM_ID %in% c("U2_10Y", "R_U2_10Y")) %>%
  month_to_date %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2015-01-01")) %>%
  left_join(PROVIDER_FM_ID,  by = "PROVIDER_FM_ID") %>%
  ggplot(.) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE / 100, color = PROVIDER_FM_ID_desc)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest Rates (%)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-50, 50, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank())

More…

Data on monetary policy

source dataset Title .html .rData
bdf FM Marché financier, taux 2025-08-28 2025-08-28
ecb FM Financial market data 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
bdf MIR Taux d'intérêt - Zone euro 2025-08-28 2025-08-04
bdf MIR1 Taux d'intérêt - France 2025-08-28 2025-08-04
bis CBPOL Policy Rates, Daily 2025-10-11 2025-10-11
ecb BSI Balance Sheet Items 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb BSI_PUB Balance Sheet Items - Published series 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb ILM Internal Liquidity Management 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb ILM_PUB Internal Liquidity Management - Published series 2025-08-29 2024-09-10
ecb MIR MFI Interest Rate Statistics 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb RAI Risk Assessment Indicators 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb SUP Supervisory Banking Statistics 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb YC Financial market data - yield curve 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb YC_PUB Financial market data - yield curve - Published series 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
ecb liq_daily Daily Liquidity 2025-11-13 2025-06-06
eurostat ei_mfir_m Interest rates - monthly data 2025-11-14 2025-11-13
eurostat irt_st_m Money market interest rates - monthly data 2025-11-14 2025-11-13
fred r Interest Rates 2025-10-09 2025-10-26
oecd MEI Main Economic Indicators 2024-04-16 2025-07-24
oecd MEI_FIN Monthly Monetary and Financial Statistics (MEI) 2024-09-15 2025-07-24

Data on interest rates

source dataset Title .html .rData
bdf FM Marché financier, taux 2025-08-28 2025-08-28
ecb FM Financial market data 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
bdf MIR Taux d'intérêt - Zone euro 2025-08-28 2025-08-04
bdf MIR1 Taux d'intérêt - France 2025-08-28 2025-08-04
bis CBPOL_D Policy Rates, Daily 2025-10-11 2025-08-20
bis CBPOL_M Policy Rates, Monthly 2025-10-11 2024-04-19
ecb MIR MFI Interest Rate Statistics 2025-11-13 2025-08-29
eurostat ei_mfir_m Interest rates - monthly data 2025-11-14 2025-11-13
eurostat irt_lt_mcby_d EMU convergence criterion series - daily data 2025-11-14 2025-07-24
eurostat irt_st_m Money market interest rates - monthly data 2025-11-14 2025-11-13
fred r Interest Rates 2025-10-09 2025-10-26
oecd MEI Main Economic Indicators 2024-04-16 2025-07-24
oecd MEI_FIN Monthly Monetary and Financial Statistics (MEI) 2024-09-15 2025-07-24
wdi FR.INR.DPST Deposit interest rate (%) 2022-09-27 2025-11-13
wdi FR.INR.LEND Lending interest rate (%) 2025-11-13 2025-11-13
wdi FR.INR.RINR Real interest rate (%) 2025-05-24 2025-11-13