Liquidity

M1, M2, M3

BSI

ig_d("ecb", "BSI", "M1-M2-M3-A")

Short

ig_d("ecb", "BSI_PUB", "M1-M2-M3-A")

Loans to households

All

ig_d("ecb", "BSI", "adjusted-loans-households-FR-DE-IT-U2")

2016-

ig_d("ecb", "BSI", "adjusted-loans-households-FR-DE-IT-U2-2016")

Loans to NFCs

All

ig_d("ecb", "BSI", "adjusted-loans-NFC-FR-DE-IT-U2")

2016-

ig_d("ecb", "BSI", "adjusted-loans-NFC-FR-DE-IT-U2-2016")

Long-term rates

U.S., France, Japan, Germany

ig_d("oecd", "MEI_FIN", "IRLT-FRA-USA-DEU-JPN-2010")

U.S. 10-, 20-, 30- years

ig_d("fred", "r", "DGS10-DGS20-DGS30-2010")

France - 30 ans, 10 ans, 5 ans

ig_d("bdf", "FM", "bons-du-tresor-30ans-10ans")

France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece

2005-

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-FR-DE-IT-ES-EL-2005")

2018-

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-FR-DE-IT-ES-EL-2018")

France, Germany, Italy, Spain

2005-

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-FR-DE-IT-ES-2005")

2014-

Interest rates

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-FR-DE-IT-ES-2014")

Interest rates

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-FR-DE-IT-ES-spreads-2014")

Europe, Germany, Portugal, Greece

2005-

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-EA-DE-PT-EL-2005")

2014-

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-EA-DE-PT-EL-2014")

Policy interest rates

ECB Main short rates rates

All

ig_d("fred", "r", "ECBDFR-ECBMRRFR-ECBMLFR")

2022-

ig_d("ecb", "FM", "DFR-MLFR-MRRRT-2022")

Dates of monetary policy meetings

ig_d("ecb", "FM", "DFR-MLFR-MRRRT-2022-dateschange")

Fed, ECB main short rates

2022-

ig_d("bis", "CBPOL_D", "US-XM-2022-dates2-deposit")

1999-

ig_d("bis", "CBPOL", "US-XM-1999")

Monthly

ig_d("bis", "CBPOL_M", "US-JP-XM-1985")

Real Interest rates

ECB

All

ig_d("ecb", "FM", "real-rates-USA-JPN-EUR")

1999-

ig_d("ecb", "FM", "real-rates-USA-EUR-1999")

2010-

ig_d("ecb", "FM", "real-rates-USA-JPN-EUR-2010")

Lending spreads

ig_d("ecb", "FM", "A2AA225-ERIBR-WT")

U.S. TIPS

ig_d("fred", "r", "DFII10-DFII20-DFII30-2017")

Corporations

AAA, BAA - United States

ig_d("fred", "r", "AAA-BAA-2010")

Loans in France, Germany, Italy

ig_d("ecb", "MIR", "A20-2240-FR-DE-IT")

Housing

U.S.: mortgage, Fed Funds

ig_d("fred", "r", "MORTGAGE15US-MORTGAGE30US-FEDFUNDS-2010")

Lending for house purchases, old loans

France, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands

ig_d("ecb", "MIR", "A22-2018-FR-BE-DE-NL")

France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands

ig_d("ecb", "MIR", "A22")

Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Portugal, Finland, Spain

ig_d("ecb", "MIR", "A22-2018-EE-LT-LV-PT-FI-ES")

Lending for house purchases

ig_d("ecb", "MIR", "A2C-2010")

Miscellaneous interest rates

Germany

ig_d("ecb", "MIR", "DE-A2A-2015")

France

ig_d("ecb", "MIR", "FR-A2A")

Target Balances

France, Germany, Italy, Greece

ig_d("ecb", "TGB", "TGB-A")

Variable VS fixed rates

France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Europe

ig_d("ecb", "RAI", "SVLHPHH-NL-DE-BE-FR-U2")

France, Spain, Portugal, Estonia, Lithuania

ig_d("ecb", "RAI", "SVLHPHH-FR-ES-PT-EE-LT-U2")

France, Spain, Portugal

ig_d("ecb", "RAI", "SVLHPHH-FR-ES-PT")

Poland, Australia, Sweden

ig_d("ecb", "RAI", "SVLHPHH-PL-AU-SE")

Yield Curve

ig_d("ecb", "YC", "G-N-C-log2")

2 year rate

ig_d("ecb", "YC", "PY-2Y")

10 year rate

ig_d("ecb", "YC", "PY-10Y")

1 year, 10 years

ig_d("ecb", "YC_PUB", "SR-1Y-10Y")

2 years, 5 years, 7 years

ig_d("ecb", "YC_PUB", "SR-2Y-5Y-7Y")

Liquidity

Banknotes

ig_d("ecb", "BKN", "banknotes")

Main Refinancing Operation

ig_d("ecb", "ILM", "MRO-FR-DE-IT")

Liquidity-providing: LTRO, MRO, MLF, NFA

ig_d("ecb", "ILM", "liquidity-providing")

Liquidity-absorbing

ig_d("ecb", "ILM", "liquidity-absorbing")

Programs

ig_d("ecb", "liq_daily", "CBPP1-CBPP2-CBPP3-SMP-ABSPP-PSPP-CSPP-PEPP-2022")

Excess liquidity

ig_d("ecb", "liq_daily", "synthesis")

Deposit facility

ig_d("ecb", "liq_daily", "excess-liq-deposit-facility-current-accounts-2022")

Bank Lending Survey

Consumer credit + Lending for house purchases

ig_d("ecb", "BLS", "BLS.Q.U2.ALL.Z.H.H-C.B3.ZZ.D.WFNET")

Supervisory Statistics

France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Netherlands,

ig_d("ecb", "SUP", "net-interest-margin-FR-IT-DE-ES-NL-SI")

France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Portugal

ig_d("ecb", "SUP", "net-interest-margin-FR-IT-DE-ES-NL-BE-AT-PT")

Linked Themes

theme	Title	Link
monetary-policy	Data on monetary policy	Link
interest-rates	Data on interest rates	Link

Datasets

source	dataset	Title	.html	.rData
bdf	FM	Marché financier, taux	2026-07-24	2026-07-24
bdf	MIR	Taux d'intérêt - Zone euro	2026-07-24	2026-07-24
bdf	MIR1	Taux d'intérêt - France	2026-07-24	2026-07-24
bis	CBPOL	Policy Rates, Daily	2026-07-18	2026-07-23
ecb	BSI	Balance Sheet Items	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	BSI_PUB	Balance Sheet Items - Published series	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	FM	Financial market data	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	ILM	Internal Liquidity Management	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	ILM_PUB	Internal Liquidity Management - Published series	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	MIR	MFI Interest Rate Statistics	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	RAI	Risk Assessment Indicators	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	SUP	Supervisory Banking Statistics	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	YC	Financial market data - yield curve	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
ecb	YC_PUB	Financial market data - yield curve - Published series	2026-07-24	2026-07-24
ecb	liq_daily	Daily Liquidity	2026-07-24	2026-07-24
eurostat	ei_mfir_m	Interest rates - monthly data	2026-07-23	2026-07-23
eurostat	irt_st_m	Money market interest rates - monthly data	2026-07-24	2026-07-23
fred	r	Interest Rates	2026-07-23	2026-07-23
oecd	MEI	Main Economic Indicators	2024-04-16	2025-07-24
oecd	MEI_FIN	Monthly Monetary and Financial Statistics (MEI)	2024-09-15	2025-07-24

Bibliography

English

“The ECB’s monetary policy stance in an uncertain environment” C. Blot, J. Creel, F. Geerolf, G. Ricco & D. Romelli, Monetary Dialogue Paper, June 2025, requested by the ECON committee, European Parliament. [ pdf] [ html] [ github]

“Economic Policies to combat inflation in Europe” F. Geerolf, In L’économie européenne 2023-2024, La Découverte, pp.42-56, september 2023. [ html] [ pdf] [ github]

“Are inflation dynamics different in the euro area and the United States?” C. Blot & F. Geerolf, Monetary Dialogue Paper, November 2023, requested by the ECON committee, European Parliament. [ pdf] [ html] [ github]

“Excess liquidity in the euro area? Assessment and possible ways forward.” C. Blot, J. Creel & F. Geerolf, Monetary Dialogue Paper, September 2023, requested by the ECON committee, European Parliament. [ pdf] [ html] [ github]

“Is monetary tightening a threat to financial stability?” C. Blot, J. Creel & F. Geerolf, Monetary Dialogue Paper, June 2023, requested by the ECON committee, European Parliament. [ pdf] [ html] [ github]

“The direct and indirect impacts of the war on inflation.” C. Blot, J. Creel & F. Geerolf, Monetary Dialogue Paper, March 2023, requested by the ECON committee, European Parliament. [ pdf] [ html] [ github]

“Heterogeneity of inflation in the euro area: more complicated than it seems.” C. Blot, J. Creel, F. Geerolf & S. Levasseur, Monetary Dialogue Paper, November 2022, requested by the ECON committee, European Parliament. [ pdf] [ html] [ github]

“The Phillips Curve: a Relation between Real Exchange Rate Growth and Unemployment.” F. Geerolf, January 2020. [ pdf]

French

« L’orientation de la politique monétaire de la BCE à l’épreuve de l’incertitude économique » C. Blot, J. Creel, F. Geerolf, G. Ricco & D. Romelli, OFCE Policy brief 147, 15 juillet 2025. [ pdf] [ github]

« Le keynésianisme doit-il faire l’économie de la courbe de Phillips ? » F. Geerolf, In L’économie mondiale 2022, La Découverte, p.73-86, septembre 2021. [ pdf] [ slides-FR] [ slides-EN] [ video]

« La courbe de Phillips n’est pas celle que vous croyez » F. Geerolf, La Lettre du CEPII, n°417, avril 2021. [ pdf] [ html] [ slides-FR] [ slides-EN] [ video]