Policy Rates, Daily - CBPOL_D

Data - BIS

Author

François Geerolf

Info

Last observation: D: 2026-07-21 (N = 15)

First observation: D: 1945-01-01 (N = 5)

Last data update: 01 aoû 2026, 21:23. Last compile: 17 aoû 2026, 21:54

Structure

iso3c, REF_AREA, Reference area

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  group_by(REF_AREA, `Reference area`) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            start = first(date),
            end = last(date)) |>
  arrange(-Nobs) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(`Reference area`)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

Individual Countries

Poland

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("PL")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

1999-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("PL"),
         date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2003-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("PL"),
         date >= as.Date("2003-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Iceland

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("IS")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Israel

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("IL")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

All - Stanley Fischer

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("IL")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
    geom_rect(data = data_frame(start = as.Date("2005-05-01"), 
                                end = as.Date("2013-06-30")), 
              aes(xmin = start, xmax = end, ymin = -Inf, ymax = +Inf), 
              fill = viridis(4)[4], alpha = 0.2)

2004-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("IL"),
         date >= as.Date("2004-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2004- Stanley Fischer

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("IL"),
         date >= as.Date("2004-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
    geom_rect(data = data_frame(start = as.Date("2005-05-01"), 
                                end = as.Date("2013-06-30")), 
              aes(xmin = start, xmax = end, ymin = -Inf, ymax = +Inf), 
              fill = viridis(4)[4], alpha = 0.2)

Japan

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("JP")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

1980-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("JP"),
         date >= as.Date("1980-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 0.5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

1990-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("JP"),
         date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 0.5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2000-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("JP"),
         date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 0.1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2010-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("JP"),
         date >= as.Date("2010-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 0.1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2 Countries

United States, Euro area (1980-)

1999-

English

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

French

Code 
plot <- CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`),
         Ref_area2 = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Zone euro", "États-Unis")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Ref_area2)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1999, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c( "#B22234", "#003399")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_rect(data = nber_recessions |>
              filter(Peak > as.Date("1999-01-01")), 
            aes(xmin = Peak, xmax = Trough, ymin = -Inf, ymax = +Inf),
            fill = '#B22234', alpha = 0.1)  +
  geom_rect(data = cepr_recessions |>
              filter(Peak > as.Date("1999-01-01")), 
            aes(xmin = Peak, xmax = Trough, ymin = -Inf, ymax = +Inf), 
            fill = '#003399', alpha = 0.1) 
plot

Code 
save(plot, file = "CBPOL_D_files/figure-html/US-XM-1999-francais-1.RData")

2008-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2008-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", color2, color)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))

2013-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2013-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", color2, color)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Last 10 years

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= Sys.Date() - years(10)) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", color2, color)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))

2022-

Dates

Code 
dates_ecb <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "XM",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
dates_fed <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "US",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Euro area, Main Refinancing Operations", "US, Fed Funds rate")) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y"),
               sec.axis = dup_axis(breaks = dates_fed)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                limits = c(0, 0.06)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.25, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 0, colour = "#B22234"),
        axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, colour = "#003399"))

Dates

Code 
dates_ecb <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "XM",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
dates_fed <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "US",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Euro area, Main Refinancing Operations",
                           "US, Fed Funds rate")) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y"),
               sec.axis = dup_axis(breaks = dates_fed)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                limits = c(0, 0.06)) +
  theme(legend.position = "top",
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 0, colour = "#B22234"),
        axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, colour = "#003399")) +
  sapply(dates_fed, function(x) geom_vline(xintercept = x, linetype = "dotted", colour = "#B22234")) +
  sapply(dates_ecb, function(x) geom_vline(xintercept = x, linetype = "dotted", colour = "#003399"))

Dates, deposit

English
Code 
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "en_CA.UTF-8")
# [1] "en_CA.UTF-8"
Code 
dates_ecb <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "XM",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
dates_fed <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "US",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)

CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Euro area, Deposit facility rate",
                           "US, Federal funds rate (midpoint)")) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  mutate(value = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", value - 0.005, value),
         OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y"),
               sec.axis = dup_axis(breaks = dates_fed)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                limits = c(-0.01, 0.06)) +
  theme(legend.position = "top",
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 0, colour = "#B22234"),
        axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, colour = "#003399")) +
  sapply(dates_fed, function(x) geom_vline(xintercept = x, linetype = "dotted", colour = "#B22234")) +
  sapply(dates_ecb, function(x) geom_vline(xintercept = x, linetype = "dotted", colour = "#003399"))

French
Code 
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "fr_CA.UTF-8")
# [1] "fr_CA.UTF-8"
Code 
dates_ecb <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "XM",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
dates_fed <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "US",
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)

dates_ecb <- c(dates_ecb, as.Date("2024-09-12"))

CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2022-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM",
                           "Zone euro, Taux de la facilité de dépôt",
                           "États-Unis, Taux des Feds Funds"),
         `Reference area` = factor(`Reference area`, levels = c("Zone euro, Taux de la facilité de dépôt",
                           "États-Unis, Taux des Feds Funds"))) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  mutate(value = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", value - 0.005, value),
         OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y"),
               sec.axis = dup_axis(breaks = dates_fed)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                limits = c(-0.01, 0.06)) +
  theme(legend.position = "top",
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 0, colour = "#B22234"),
        axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, colour = "#003399")) +
  sapply(dates_fed, function(x) geom_vline(xintercept = x, linetype = "dotted", colour = "#B22234")) +
  sapply(dates_ecb, function(x) geom_vline(xintercept = x, linetype = "dotted", colour = "#003399"))

Code 
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "en_CA.UTF-8")
# [1] "en_CA.UTF-8"

2007-2014

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2007-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2014-12-31")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, .5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Dates

Code 
dates_ecb <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "XM",
         date >= as.Date("2007-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
dates_fed <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "US",
         date >= as.Date("2007-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2007-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Euro area, Main Refinancing Operations", "US, Fed Funds rate")) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y"),
               sec.axis = dup_axis(breaks = dates_fed)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 0.25),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .01)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 0, colour = "#B22234"),
        axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, colour = "#003399"))

2009-2014

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2009-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2014-12-31")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, .5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Dates

Code 
dates_ecb <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "XM",
         date >= as.Date("2009-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
dates_fed <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "US",
         date >= as.Date("2009-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2009-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Euro area, Main Refinancing Operations", "US, Fed Funds rate")) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y"),
               sec.axis = dup_axis(breaks = dates_fed)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 0.25),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .01),
                limits = c(0, 0.015)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 0, colour = "#B22234"),
        axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, colour = "#003399"))

2011-2014

Dates

Code 
dates_ecb <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "XM",
         date >= as.Date("2011-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
dates_fed <- CBPOL_D |>
  filter(REF_AREA == "US",
         date >= as.Date("2011-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value-lag(value), OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  filter(value != 0) |>
  pull(date)
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2011-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100,
         OBS_VALUE = value,
         `Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Euro area, Main Refinancing Operations", "US, Fed Funds rate")) |>
  arrange(desc(date)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = c(dates_ecb),
               labels = date_format("%d %b %Y"),
               sec.axis = dup_axis(breaks = dates_fed)) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 0.25),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .01),
                limits = c(0, 0.015)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 0, colour = "#B22234"),
        axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, colour = "#003399"))

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "XM")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100, OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  geom_image(data = . %>%
               filter(date == as.Date("2007-01-02")) %>%
               mutate(image = paste0("../../icon/flag/", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", `Reference area`)), ".png")),
             aes(x = date, y = value, image = image), asp = 1.5) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#B22234")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

United States, Hong Kong

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "HK")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#DE2408", "#3C3B6E")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

1999-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "HK"),
         date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "HK", "Hong Kong", `Reference area`)) |>
  mutate(value = value/100, OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  add_flags + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#DE2408", "#3C3B6E")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2009-2014

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "HK"),
         date >= as.Date("2009-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2014-12-31")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "HK", "Hong Kong", `Reference area`)) |>
  mutate(value = value/100, OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  geom_image(data = . %>%
               filter(date == as.Date("2012-01-04")) %>%
               mutate(image = paste0("../../icon/flag/", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", `Reference area`)), ".png")),
             aes(x = date, y = value, image = image), asp = 1.5) +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, .5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = .1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#DE2408", "#3C3B6E")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

3 Countries

United States, Japan, Euro area

1980-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "JP", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("1980-01-01")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100, OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

1985-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "JP", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("1985-01-01")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value/100, OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2009-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "JP", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2009-01-01")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`),
         value = value/100, OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2000-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "JP", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#003399", "#BC002D", "#B22234")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

United States, Europe, Sweden

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "SE", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("1998-01-01")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "US", color2, color)) |>
  mutate(value = value/100, OBS_VALUE = value) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2000-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("US", "SE", "XM"),
         date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  mutate(color = ifelse(REF_AREA == "US", color2, color)) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Switzerland, Denmark, United Kingdom

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("CH", "DK", "GB")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Sweden, India, United States

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("SE", "IN", "US")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

1993-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("SE", "IN", "US"),
         date >= as.Date("1993-01-01")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2000-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("SE", "IN", "US"),
         date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Japan, Canada, Australia

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("JP", "CA", "AU")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 100, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

South Africa, New Zealand, Norway

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("ZA", "NZ", "NO")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 100, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Brazil, Philippines, Hungary

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("BR", "PH", "HU")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-5, 100, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                limits = c(-0.05, 0.40)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Russia, Poland, Argentina

All

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("RU", "PL", "AR")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 50),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

1990-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("RU", "PL", "AR"),
         date >= as.Date("2006-01-01")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 10),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Israel, Colombia, Croatia

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("IL", "CO", "HR")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 50),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Malaysia, Czech Republic, China

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("MY", "CZ", "CN")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 1),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Serbia, Chile, Iceland

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("RS", "CL", "IS")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Hong Kong, Mexico, Euro area

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("HK", "MX", "XM")) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "XM", "Europe", `Reference area`)) |>
  mutate(`Reference area` = ifelse(REF_AREA == "HK", "Hong Kong", `Reference area`)) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

South Korea, North Macedonia, Saudi Arabia

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("KR", "MK", "SA")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Thailand, Turkey, Romania

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("TH", "TR", "RO")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + 
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

South Korea, Brazil, Turkey

1995-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("KR", "BR", "TR"),
         date >= as.Date("1995-01-01")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() + 
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

2015-

Code 
CBPOL_D |>
  
  left_join(REF_AREA, by = "REF_AREA") |>
  filter(REF_AREA %in% c("KR", "BR", "TR"),
         date >= as.Date("2015-01-01")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Reference area" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Policy Rates (%)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value/100, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1940, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 10000, 5),
                labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())