Banknotes statistics - BKN

Data - ECB

Author

François Geerolf

Last observation: juil. 2026 (N = 304) · H2 2025 (N = 42)

First observation: janv. 2000 (N = 65) · H1 2002 (N = 26)

Last data update: 14 sept. 2026, 21:54

Last compile: 15 sept. 2026, 22:25

Structure

Info

Banknotes

Individual

Code 
BKN |>
  filter(KEY %in% c("BKN.M.U2.NC10.B.50P2.AS.S.E",
                    "BKN.M.U2.NC10.B.20P2.AS.S.E",
                    "BKN.M.U2.NC10.B.10P2.AS.S.E",
                    "BKN.M.U2.NC10.B.ALLD.AS.S.E")) |>
  month_to_date() |>
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE/1000000) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE, color = Bkn_denom)) +
  ylab("Banknotes") + xlab("") + theme_minimal() +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.45, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 10000, 100),
                labels = dollar_format(acc = 1, pre = "", su = "Bn€")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1940, 2030, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

Stacked

Code 
BKN |>
  filter(KEY %in% c("BKN.M.U2.NC10.B.50P2.AS.S.E",
                    "BKN.M.U2.NC10.B.20P2.AS.S.E",
                    "BKN.M.U2.NC10.B.10P2.AS.S.E")) |>
  month_to_date() |>
  mutate(OBS_VALUE = OBS_VALUE/1000000) |>
  ggplot() + geom_col(aes(x = date, y = OBS_VALUE, fill = TITLE_COMPL)) +
  ylab("Liquidity-absorbing factors") + xlab("") + theme_minimal() +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.45, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 10000, 100),
                labels = dollar_format(acc = 1, pre = "", su = "Bn€")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1940, 2030, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))