Unit Labour Costs - Annual Indicators
Data - OECD
Info
Data on industry
| source | dataset | .html | .RData |
|---|---|---|---|
| ec | INDUSTRY | 2025-08-25 | 2023-10-01 |
| eurostat | ei_isin_m | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | htec_trd_group4 | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | nama_10_a64 | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | nama_10_a64_e | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | namq_10_a10_e | 2025-05-24 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | road_eqr_carmot | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | sts_inpp_m | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | sts_inppd_m | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | sts_inpr_m | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| eurostat | sts_intvnd_m | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| fred | industry | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| oecd | ALFS_EMP | 2024-04-16 | 2025-05-24 |
| oecd | BERD_MA_SOF | 2024-04-16 | 2023-09-09 |
| oecd | GBARD_NABS2007 | 2024-04-16 | 2023-11-22 |
| oecd | MEI_REAL | 2024-05-12 | 2025-05-24 |
| oecd | MSTI_PUB | 2024-09-15 | 2025-05-24 |
| oecd | SNA_TABLE4 | 2024-09-15 | 2025-05-24 |
| wdi | NV.IND.EMPL.KD | 2024-01-06 | 2025-08-24 |
| wdi | NV.IND.MANF.CD | 2025-08-25 | 2025-08-24 |
| wdi | NV.IND.MANF.ZS | 2025-05-24 | 2025-08-24 |
| wdi | NV.IND.TOTL.KD | 2024-01-06 | 2025-08-24 |
| wdi | NV.IND.TOTL.ZS | 2025-05-24 | 2025-08-24 |
| wdi | SL.IND.EMPL.ZS | 2025-05-24 | 2025-08-24 |
| wdi | TX.VAL.MRCH.CD.WT | 2024-01-06 | 2025-08-24 |
LAST_COMPILE
| LAST_COMPILE |
|---|
| 2025-08-24 |
Last
| obsTime | Nobs |
|---|---|
| 2012 | 1177 |
Nobs
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$SUBJECT, by = "SUBJECT") %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$SECTOR, by = "SECTOR") %>%
group_by(SUBJECT, Subject, SECTOR, Sector, MEASURE) %>%
summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
arrange(-Nobs) %>%
print_table_conditional()SUBJECT
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$SUBJECT, by = "SUBJECT") %>%
group_by(SUBJECT, Subject) %>%
summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
arrange(-Nobs) %>%
print_table_conditional()| SUBJECT | Subject | Nobs |
|---|---|---|
| ULAILE99 | Labour Productivity per Person Employed | 20688 |
| ULABUL99 | Unit Labour Cost | 20517 |
| ULAICE99 | Labour Compensation per Employee | 18089 |
| ULAIPE99 | Labour Compensation per Employee (PPPs) | 17833 |
| ULAIEU99 | Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC | 14473 |
| ULAIRU99 | Labour Income Share (Real ULC) | 14317 |
| ULAILP99 | Labour Productivity per Unit Labour Input | 12692 |
| ULAICU99 | Labour Compensation per Unit Labour Input | 10874 |
| ULAILH99 | Labour Productivity per Hour | 10633 |
| ULAICH99 | Labour Compensation per Hour | 10289 |
| ULABRV99 | Real Output (millions) | 10243 |
| ULAIPH99 | Labour Compensation per Hour (PPPs) | 10133 |
| ULAIPU99 | Labour Compensation per Unit Labour Input (PPPs) | 9931 |
| ULARSE99 | Self-employment ratio | 9537 |
| ULABAC99 | Total Labour Cost (millions) | 9171 |
| ULAWVC99 | Nominal Output (millions) | 9137 |
| ULAREM99 | Employment ('000) | 7942 |
| ULAREY99 | Employees ('000) | 7073 |
| ULARHE99 | Hours Worked: Employment ('000) | 4125 |
| ULARHY99 | Hours Worked: Employees ('000) | 4028 |
SECTOR
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$SECTOR, by = "SECTOR") %>%
group_by(SECTOR, Sector) %>%
summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
print_table_conditional()| SECTOR | Sector | Nobs |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | Total Economy | 37138 |
| 02 | Manufacturing (D) | 27433 |
| 03 | Industry (C_E) | 28049 |
| 04 | Construction (F) | 27891 |
| 05 | Trade, transport and communication (G_I) | 27508 |
| 06 | Financial and business services (J_K) | 27626 |
| 07 | Market services (G_K) | 27971 |
| 08 | Business sector excl. Agriculture (C_K) | 28109 |
MEASURE
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$MEASURE, by = "MEASURE") %>%
group_by(MEASURE, Measure) %>%
summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
{if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}| MEASURE | Measure | Nobs |
|---|---|---|
| AL | $US PPP-adjusted | 11700 |
| GY | Annual growth rate | 47708 |
| IXOB | Index OECD base year (2010=100) | 59939 |
| ST | Level, ratio or national currency | 112378 |
LOCATION
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
group_by(LOCATION, Location) %>%
summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
arrange(-Nobs) %>%
mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Location)),
Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
select(Flag, everything()) %>%
{if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}Total Economy
Labour Income Share (Real ULC)
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_enddate %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Labour Income Share, Real ULC") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000", "#009246")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5))
Unit Labour Costs (1950-)
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA", "GRC", "ESP")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_enddate %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Unit Labour Costs") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10))
Unit Labour Costs (1995-2012)
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA", "GRC", "ESP")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(date >= as.Date("1995-01-01")) %>%
group_by(Location) %>%
mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue / obsValue[date == as.Date("2000-01-01")]) %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Unit Labour Costs") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.15, 0.8),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10))
Unit Labour Costs (2000-)
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA", "GRC", "ESP")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) %>%
group_by(Location) %>%
mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue / obsValue[date == as.Date("2000-01-01")]) %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Unit Labour Costs") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.15, 0.8),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10))
Labour Income Share (Real ULC)
Total Economy
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_enddate %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Labour Income Share, Real ULC") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5))
Manufacturing
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "02",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_enddate %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Labour Income Share, Real ULC") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 2))
Industry
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "03",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_enddate %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Labour Income Share, Real ULC") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 2))
Construction
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "04",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_enddate %>%
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Labour Income Share, Real ULC") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 2))
Competitiveness: Unit Labor cost
Total Economy
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() + ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Total Economy)") + xlab("") +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5))
Manufacturing
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "02",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1)) +
ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Manufacturing)") + xlab("")
Industry
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "03",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1)) +
ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Industry)") + xlab("")
Construction
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "04",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Construction)") + xlab("")
Trade, transport and communication (G_I)
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "05",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Trade, transport and communication") + xlab("")
Financial and business services
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "06",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Financial and business services)") + xlab("")
Market services
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "07",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Market services)") + xlab("")
Business sector excl. Agriculture
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULABUL99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "08",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Unit Labour Cost (Business sector excl. Agriculture)") + xlab("")
Competitiveness: Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC
Total Economy
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Total Economy)") + xlab("")
Manufacturing
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "02",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Manufacturing)") + xlab("")
Industry
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "03",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Industry)") + xlab("")
Construction
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "04",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Construction)") + xlab("")
Trade, transport and communication (G_I)
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "05",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Trade, transport and communication)") + xlab("")
Financial and business services
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "06",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Financial and business services)") + xlab("")
Market services
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "07",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Market services)") + xlab("")
Business sector excl. Agriculture
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIEU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "08",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Exchange Rate Adjusted ULC (Business sector excl. Agriculture)") + xlab("")
Competitiveness: Labour Income Share (Real ULC)
Total Economy
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "01",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Total Economy)") + xlab("")
Manufacturing
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "02",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Manufacturing)") + xlab("")
Industry
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "03",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Industry)") + xlab("")
Construction
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "04",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Construction)") + xlab("")
Trade, transport and communication (G_I)
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "05",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Trade, transport and communication)") + xlab("")
Financial and business services
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "06",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Financial and business services)") + xlab("")
Market services
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "07",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Market services)") + xlab("")
Business sector excl. Agriculture
Code
ULC_ANN %>%
filter(SUBJECT == "ULAIRU99",
MEASURE == "ST",
SECTOR == "08",
LOCATION %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) %>%
left_join(ULC_ANN_var$LOCATION, by = "LOCATION") %>%
year_to_date %>%
filter(year(date) >= 1990) %>%
arrange(Location) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = Location)) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#ED2939", "#000000")) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5)) +
ylab("Labour Income Share (Real ULC) (Business sector excl. Agriculture)") + xlab("")