Official exchange rate (LCU per USD, period average) - PA.NUS.FCRF

Data - WDI

Author

François Geerolf

Info

Last observation: 2025 (N = 186)

First observation: 1960 (N = 170)

Last data update: 31 août 2026, 00:57. Last compile: 31 août 2026, 01:07

Nobs - Javascript

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  group_by(iso2c, Iso2c) |>
  mutate(value = round(value, 2)) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            `Year 1` = first(year),
            `ER 1` = first(value),
            `Year 2` = last(year),
            `ER 2` = last(value),
            `Mean` = mean(value)) |>
  arrange(`ER 2`) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F) else .}

Venezuela

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("VE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Pakistan

All

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("LK", "NG", "PK", "GH")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value,
         color = ifelse(iso2c == "GH", color2, color)) |>
  group_by(iso2c) |>
  mutate(value = value/value[1]) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = 10^seq(0, 10, 1))

1995-

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("LK", "NG", "PK", "GH")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value,
         color = ifelse(iso2c == "GH", color2, color)) |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1995-01-01")) |>
  group_by(iso2c) |>
  mutate(value = value/value[1]) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Exchange Rate (1995 = 1)") +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = c(1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50))

France, Germany

All

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("FR", "DE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(1, 9, 1))

2000-

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("FR", "US")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(.1, 9, .05))

2008-

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("FR", "US")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2008-01-01")) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(.1, 9, .05))

France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES", "GR")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Iso2c" = "country")) |>
  mutate(value = value) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = c(1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200, 500, 800, 1000, 2000))

France

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("FR")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(1, 9, 1))

Zambia

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("ZM")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Argentina

1963-2019

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AR")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

1990-2019

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AR")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = c(1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 20, 30, 50))

Singapore

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("SG")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Japan

All

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("JP")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

After 2000

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("JP")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 10))

Costa Rica

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CR")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Zimbabwe

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("ZW")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.5, 0.9),
        legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Vietnam, Somalia, Iran

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("VN", "SO", "IR")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Lebanon

All

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("LB")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

After 1998

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("LB"),
         year >= 1998) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Barbados

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("BB")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Spain, United Kingdom, United States

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("US", "GB", "ES")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()

Argentina, Chile, Venezuela

Code 
PA.NUS.FCRF |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AR", "CL", "VE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) + xlab("") + ylab("LCU per USD") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = Iso2c, linetype = Iso2c)) + 
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.3)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10()