Public debt data

Fiscal Monitor

Code

ig_d("imf", "G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT", "FRA-DEU-USA-ITA-JPN")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

U.S.

Public deficit

Last

Code

ig_d("fred", "saving", "US-deficit-GDP")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
fred	saving	01 Sep 2026	png	pdf

1947-

Code

ig_d("fred", "saving", "US-deficit-GDP-1947")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
fred	saving	01 Sep 2026	png	pdf

1999-

Code

ig_d("fred", "saving", "US-deficit-GDP-1999")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
fred	saving	01 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Europe

Debt to GDP ratios (years)

Last

Code

ig_d("eurostat", "gov_10q_ggdebt", "GD-US-UK-FR-JP-IT")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
eurostat	gov_10q_ggdebt	02 Sep 2026	png	pdf

2015-

Code

ig_d("eurostat", "gov_10q_ggdebt", "GD-US-UK-FR-JP-IT-2015")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
eurostat	gov_10q_ggdebt	02 Sep 2026	png	pdf

2015- (%)

Code

ig_d("eurostat", "gov_10q_ggdebt", "GD-US-UK-FR-JP-IT-2015-percent")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
eurostat	gov_10q_ggdebt	02 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Other countries

Code

ig_d("eurostat", "gov_10q_ggdebt", "NL-LU-DK-SE-FR")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
eurostat	gov_10q_ggdebt	02 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Deficits

Portugal, Greece, Germany, Euro area

All

Code

ig_d("eurostat", "gov_10dd_edpt1", "FR-DE-IT-ES-NL-B9")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
eurostat	gov_10dd_edpt1	15 Jul 2026	png	pdf

Interest rates

Germany, Italy, France, Spain

Code

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-FR-DE-IT-ES-2005")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
eurostat	ei_mfir_m	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Portugal, Greece, Germany, Euro area

Code

ig_d("eurostat", "ei_mfir_m", "MF-LTGBY-RT-EA-DE-PT-EL-2014")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
eurostat	ei_mfir_m	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

IMF

Primary and Total Deficits

Total deficit

United States, France, Europe

Code

ig_d("imf", "GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT", "U2-US-FR-2010")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

United States, France, Europe

Code

ig_d("imf", "GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT", "U2-US-FR-2010")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Euopean countries, U.S.

All

Code

ig_d("imf", "GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT", "IT-FR-DE-ES-US")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

2010-

Code

ig_d("imf", "GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT", "IT-FR-DE-ES-US-2010")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

France, Germany, U.S., E.U.

All

Code

ig_d("imf", "GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT", "FR-DE-US-U2")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

2005-

Code

ig_d("imf", "GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT", "FR-DE-US-U2-2008")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Primary deficit

Euopean countries, U.S.

Code

ig_d("imf", "GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT", "IT-FR-DE-ES-US")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Public Debt

Long Period

Code

ig_d("imf", "HPDD", "US-UK-FR-JP-IT")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	HPDD	NA	png	pdf

Long Period

Code

ig_d("imf", "HPDD", "US-UK-FR-JP-IT")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
imf	HPDD	NA	png	pdf

OECD

France, United States

Code

ig_d("oecd", "QASA_TABLE7PSD", "SAFGD-CXCAR-FRA-USA-log")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
oecd	QASA_TABLE7PSD	02 Aug 2026	png	pdf

France, UK, Italy, Canada

Code

ig_d("oecd", "QASA_TABLE7PSD", "SAFGD-CXCAR-FRA-GBR-ITA-CAN")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
oecd	QASA_TABLE7PSD	02 Aug 2026	png	pdf

France

Trajectory (Source: Oxford Economics)

Code

ig_b("debt", "france-trajectory-march2024")

Charge d’intérêt

Code

ig_d("insee", "T_3201", "line7")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
insee	T_3201	02 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Déficit primaire VS total

Tous

Code

ig_d("insee", "t_compteapu_val", "PIB-D41-B9NF")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
insee	t_compteapu_val	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

2005-

Code

ig_d("insee", "t_compteapu_val", "PIB-D41-B9NF-2005")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
insee	t_compteapu_val	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Charge d’intérêt

Code

ig_d("insee", "t_compteapu_val", "PIB-D41")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
insee	t_compteapu_val	03 Sep 2026	png	pdf

Rating agencies

Risk weights

Code

ig_b("bis", "CRE20", "sovereign-rating")

Détention par les non-résidents de la dette / CAC40

Detention

Code

ig_d("bdf", "DET", "detention-non-residents")

Source	Dataset	Updated	PNG	PDF
bdf	DET	30 Aug 2026	png	pdf

Datasets

source	dataset	Title	Updated
eurostat	ei_mfir_m	Interest rates - monthly data - ei_mfir_m	2026-09-03
eurostat	gov_10q_ggdebt	Quarterly government debt - gov_10q_ggdebt	2026-09-02
fred	r	Interest Rates - r	2026-09-01
fred	saving	Saving - saving	2026-09-01
gfd	debt	Debt - debt	2026-08-01
imf	FM	Fiscal Monitor (FM) - FM	2026-08-30
imf	GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	Net lending/borrowing (also referred as overall balance) (% of GDP) - GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT	2026-09-03
imf	GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT	Primary net lending/borrowing (also referred as primary balance) (% of GDP) - GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT	2026-09-03
imf	GGXWDN_G01_GDP_PT	Net debt (% of GDP) - GGXWDN_G01_GDP_PT	2026-09-03
imf	HPDD	NA	NA
oecd	QASA_TABLE7PSD	Quarterly Sector Accounts - Public Sector Debt, consolidated, nominal value - QASA_TABLE7PSD	2026-08-02
wdi	GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS	Central government debt, total (% of GDP) - GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS	2026-09-03
wdi	GC.XPN.INTP.CN	Interest payments (current LCU) - GC.XPN.INTP.CN	2026-09-03
wdi	GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS	Interest payments (% of revenue) - GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS	2026-09-03
wdi	GC.XPN.INTP.ZS	Interest payments (% of expense) - GC.XPN.INTP.ZS	2026-09-03

Bibliography

English

“The Interest Burden on Public Debt, or the Myth of the Financial Abyss”, Marianne, F. Geerolf, January 2025. [ html] [ pdf] [ github]

“The Inflation Tax, Purchasing Power, the Savings Rate, and the Public Deficit”, F. Geerolf, Working Paper, July 2024. [ html] [ pdf] [ github]

“Reassessing Dynamic Efficiency”, F. Geerolf, September 2018. [ pdf] [ Ph.D. version (2013)] [ thesis]

“Bubbles and Asset Supply”, F. Geerolf, Ph.D Dissertation, July 2013. Referees: M. Emmanuel Farhi, M. Jean Tirole. President: M. Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas. Advisor: M. Philippe Martin. [ pdf]

French

« La charge d’intérêt sur la dette publique, ou le mythe du gouffre financier », F. Geerolf, Marianne, 10 janvier 2025. [ html] [ pdf] [ github]

« La taxe inflationniste, le pouvoir d’achat, le taux d’épargne et le déficit public », F. Geerolf, 9 juillet 2024. [ html] [ pdf] [ handouts] [ slides] [ slides] [ github]

Débat avec F. Ecalle dans Le Monde, 12 janvier 2025: « La dette publique est-elle vraiment alarmante ? L’avis contrasté de deux experts. » [ pdf] [ html]

« La dette publique est-elle un problème ? » F. Geerolf & P. Jacquet, Politique étrangère, 2021/2 (Été), 79-92. [ pdf] [ html]