Quarterly government debt

Data - Eurostat

Author

François Geerolf

Info

source dataset .html .RData
eurostat gov_10dd_edpt1 2025-05-18 2025-05-24

LAST_DOWNLOAD

source dataset .html .RData
eurostat ei_mfir_m 2025-05-24 2025-05-24
eurostat gov_10q_ggdebt 2025-05-24 2025-05-24
fred r 2025-05-24 2025-05-24
fred saving 2025-05-24 2025-05-24
gfd debt 2021-08-22 2021-03-01
imf FM 2025-04-24 2020-03-13
imf GGXCNL_G01_GDP_PT 2025-04-28 2025-04-28
imf GGXONLB_G01_GDP_PT 2025-04-28 2025-04-28
imf GGXWDN_G01_GDP_PT 2024-10-29 2025-01-05
imf HPDD 2024-06-20 NA
oecd QASA_TABLE7PSD 2024-09-15 2025-04-28
wdi GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS 2023-06-18 2025-03-09
wdi GC.XPN.INTP.CN 2023-06-18 2025-03-09
wdi GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS 2023-06-18 2025-03-09
wdi GC.XPN.INTP.ZS 2025-03-09 2025-03-09

LAST_COMPILE

LAST_COMPILE
2025-05-24

Last

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  group_by(time) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(desc(time)) %>%
  head(1) %>%
  print_table_conditional()
time Nobs
2024 2091

unit

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  left_join(unit, by = "unit") %>%
  group_by(unit, Unit) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
unit Unit Nobs
MIO_EUR Million euro 17182
MIO_NAC Million units of national currency 17182
PC_GDP Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) 17182

sector

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  left_join(sector, by = "sector") %>%
  group_by(sector, Sector) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}
sector Sector Nobs
S13 General government 34692
S1311 Central government 4035
S1 Total economy 4029
S1313 Local government 4011
S1314 Social security funds 3909
S1312 State government 870

na_item

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  left_join(na_item, by = "na_item") %>%
  group_by(na_item, Na_item) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F) else .}

geo

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  group_by(geo, Geo) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../bib/flags/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

time

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  group_by(time) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(desc(time)) %>%
  print_table_conditional()
time Nobs
2024 2091
2023 2103
2022 2103
2021 2103
2020 1845
2019 1839
2018 1842
2017 1839
2016 1839
2015 1839
2014 1839
2013 1839
2012 1836
2011 1836
2010 1836
2009 1833
2008 1560
2007 1560
2006 1557
2005 1557
2004 1557
2003 1551
2002 1551
2001 1542
2000 1539
1999 1440
1998 1440
1997 1440
1996 1395
1995 1395

EA-19

Debt

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(time %in% c("2022", "2021"),
         sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "GD") %>%
  select(geo, time, values) %>%
  spread(time, values) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../bib/flags/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, Geo, geo, everything()) %>%
  arrange(-`2022`) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

Deficit

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(time %in% c("2022", "2021"),
         sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "B9") %>%
  select(geo, time, values) %>%
  spread(time, values) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../bib/flags/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, Geo, geo, everything()) %>%
  arrange(-`2022`) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

Last

Debt

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "GD") %>%
  group_by(geo) %>%
  filter(time == max(time)) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  select_if(~ n_distinct(.) > 1) %>%
  arrange(values) %>%
  select(geo, Geo, everything()) %>%
  print_table_conditional()
geo Geo values
EE Estonia 23.6
BG Bulgaria 24.1
LU Luxembourg 26.3
DK Denmark 31.1
SE Sweden 33.5
LT Lithuania 38.2
IE Ireland 40.9
NL Netherlands 43.3
CZ Czechia 43.6
LV Latvia 46.8
MT Malta 47.4
RO Romania 54.8
PL Poland 55.3
HR Croatia 57.6
SK Slovakia 59.3
DE Germany 62.5
CY Cyprus 65.0
SI Slovenia 67.0
HU Hungary 73.5
EU27_2020 European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 81.0
AT Austria 81.8
FI Finland 82.1
EA20 Euro area – 20 countries (from 2023) 87.4
EA19 Euro area - 19 countries (2015-2022) 87.6
PT Portugal 94.9
ES Spain 101.8
BE Belgium 104.7
FR France 113.0
IT Italy 135.3
EL Greece 153.6

Luxembourg, Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, France

Debt

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "GD",
         geo %in% c("NL", "LU", "DK", "SE", "FR")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Public debt (years of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_5flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 260, 20),
                     labels = scales::dollar_format(acc = .1, pre = "", su = " y")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

Deficit

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "B9",
         geo %in% c("NL", "LU", "DK", "SE", "FR")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Deficit") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_5flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 260, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = 1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands

Debt

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "GD",
         geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES", "NL")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Public debt (years of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_5flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 260, 20),
                     labels = scales::dollar_format(acc = .1, pre = "", su = " y")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

Deficit

All

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "B9",
         geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES", "NL")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Deficit") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_5flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 260, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = 1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

2010-

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "B9",
         geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES", "NL")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2010-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Deficit") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_5flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 260, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = 1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 1), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

Interest payments

All

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "D41PAY",
         geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES", "NL", "EA19")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100,
         Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Deficit") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_6flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 260, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = 1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

2005-

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "D41PAY",
         geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES", "NL", "EA19")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100,
         Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2005-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest payments (% of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_6flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 260, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = 1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(2005, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

France, Europe

2005-

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "D41PAY",
         geo %in% c("FR", "EA19")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100,
         Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2005-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest payments (% of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_2flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 260, .1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = .1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(2005, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

France, Portugal, Greece, EUrope

2005-

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "D41PAY",
         geo %in% c("FR", "EA19", "EL", "PT")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100,
         Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2005-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Interest payments (% of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 260, .5),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = .1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(2005, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece, Belgium, France

All

Debt

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "GD",
         geo %in% c("IT", "PT", "ES", "EL", "BE", "FR")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Public debt (years of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_6flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 260, 20),
                     labels = scales::dollar_format(acc = .1, pre = "", su = " y")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

Deficit

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "B9",
         geo %in% c("IT", "PT", "ES", "EL", "BE", "FR")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Deficit") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_6flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 260, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(acc = 1)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1700, 2100, 5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

Debt

Years of GDP

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "GD",
         geo %in% c("IT", "PT", "ES", "EL", "BE", "FR", "EA19")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100,
         Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2015-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Public debt (years of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_7flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 260, 20),
                     labels = scales::dollar_format(acc = .1, pre = "", su = " y")) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(2015, 2100, 1), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))

% of GDP…

Code 
gov_10dd_edpt1 %>%
  filter(sector == "S13",
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         na_item == "GD",
         geo %in% c("IT", "PT", "ES", "EL", "BE", "FR", "EA19")) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  year_to_date() %>%
  mutate(values = values / 100,
         Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("2015-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Public debt (% of GDP)") +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_7flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 260, 20),
                     labels = scales::percent_format()) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(2015, 2100, 1), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y"))