Labour cost index, nominal value - quarterly data
Data - Eurostat
Info
Last observation: Quarterly: 2026Q1 (N = 22,509)
First observation: Quarterly: 1996Q1 (N = 352)
Last data update: 14 aoû 2026, 02:04. Last compile: 14 aoû 2026, 02:54
Structure
Germany, Italy, France, Spain
LM-LCI-SAL
B-N
All
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2000-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2019-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2019-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))
October 2021-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2021-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))
B-S
All
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-S",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2000-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-S",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2019-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-S",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2019-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))
October 2021-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-SAL",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-S",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2021-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))
LM-LCI-OTH
B-N
All
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-OTH",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2000-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-OTH",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2019-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-OTH",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2019-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))
October 2021-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-OTH",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2021-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))
LM-LCI-TOT
B-N
All
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-TOT",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2000-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-TOT",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2000-01-01")) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2010-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-TOT",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2010-01-01")) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 5))
2019-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-TOT",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2019-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))
October 2021-
Code
ei_lmlc_q |>
filter(indic == "LM-LCI-TOT",
s_adj == "SCA",
nace_r2 == "B-N",
unit == "I20",
geo %in% c("DE", "IT", "ES", "FR", "BE")) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2021-10-01")) |>
group_by(geo) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(values = 100*values/values[1]) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("") + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq.Date(from = as.Date("2019-10-01"), to = Sys.Date(), by = "3 months"),
labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 300, 1))