Central government debt, total (% of GDP) - GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS

Data - WDI

Last observation: 2024 (N = 36)

First observation: 1970 (N = 1)

Last data update: 23 sept. 2026, 23:03

Last compile: 23 sept. 2026, 23:11

Nobs - Javascript

GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  group_by(iso2c, Iso2c) |>
  mutate(value = round(value, 2)) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            `Year 1` = first(year),
            `HH Consumption 1 (%)` = first(value),
            `Year 2` = last(year),
            `HH Consumption 2 (%)` = last(value)) |>
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F) else .}

Japan, Switzerland

GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("JP", "CH")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + add_flags +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  xlab("") + ylab("Central government debt, total (% of GDP)") +
  scale_color_identity() +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 400, 20),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

China, United States

GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("EU", "US", "FR", "IT")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + add_flags +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  xlab("") + ylab("Central government debt, total (% of GDP)") +
  scale_color_identity() +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.2, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 400, 20),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

China, France, Germany

GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "FR", "DE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + add_flags +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  xlab("") + ylab("Central government debt, total (% of GDP)") +
  scale_color_identity() +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.15, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 400, 10),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Spain, United Kingdom, United States

GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("US", "GB", "ES")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + add_flags +
  geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  xlab("") + ylab("Central government debt, total (% of GDP)") +
  scale_color_identity() +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.4, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 400, 20),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Greece, Hong Kong, Mexico

GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("GR", "HK", "MX")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  mutate(Iso2c = ifelse(iso2c == "HK", "Hong Kong", Iso2c)) |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  ggplot() + theme_minimal() + geom_line() + add_flags +
  aes(x = date, y = value, color = color) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Central government debt, total (% of GDP)") +
  scale_color_identity() +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9)) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 2000, 10),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))