Balance of payments - BOP
Data - OECD
Last observation: Q2 2026 (N = 1030) · juin 2026 (N = 56) · 2025 (N = 5009)
First observation: 1955 (N = 32) · Q1 1955 (N = 32) · janv. 1980 (N = 56)
Last data update: 05 sept. 2026, 03:07
Last compile: 06 sept. 2026, 14:49
Structure
Financial account
EU vs. US vs. DE vs. FR
All
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "FA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "DEU", "FRA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "USD_EXC",
ACCOUNTING_ENTRY == "N") |>
arrange(desc(obsTime)) |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
#filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) %>%
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Financial Account") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1949, 2100, 5)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-10000, 10000, 500)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
1999-
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "FA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "DEU", "FRA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "USD_EXC",
ACCOUNTING_ENTRY == "N") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Financial Account") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1999, 2100, 5)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-10000, 10000, 500)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
Current account (CA, % of GDP)
Greece, EU, US, France
1999-
Quarterly
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "GRC", "USA", "EU27_2020"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_2flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1990, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black") +
geom_label(data = . %>% filter(date == max(date)),
aes(x = date, y = obsValue, label = percent(obsValue), color = color))
Smoothed
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "GRC", "USA", "EU27_2020"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
group_by(REF_AREA) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(obsValue = zoo::rollmean(obsValue, k = 4, fill = NA, align = "right")) |>
ungroup() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1990, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black") +
geom_label(data = . %>% filter(date == max(date)),
aes(x = date, y = obsValue, label = percent(obsValue), color = color))
Smoothed
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "GRC", "PRT", "IRL"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
filter(date <= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
group_by(REF_AREA) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(obsValue = zoo::rollmean(obsValue, k = 4, fill = NA, align = "right")) |>
ungroup() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1990, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black") +
geom_label(data = . %>% filter(date == max(date)),
aes(x = date, y = obsValue, label = percent(obsValue), color = color))
2003-
Smoothed
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "GRC", "USA", "EU27_2020", "ITA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
group_by(REF_AREA) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(obsValue = zoo::rollmean(obsValue, k = 4, fill = NA, align = "right")) |>
ungroup() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2003-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_5flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1990, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
Greece, US, France
1999-
Quarterly
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "GRC", "USA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_2flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1990, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black") +
geom_label(data = . %>% filter(date == max(date)),
aes(x = date, y = obsValue, label = percent(obsValue), color = color))
Smoothed
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "GRC", "USA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
group_by(REF_AREA) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(obsValue = zoo::rollmean(obsValue, k = 4, fill = NA, align = "right")) |>
ungroup() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1990, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black") +
geom_label(data = . %>% filter(date == max(date)),
aes(x = date, y = obsValue, label = percent(obsValue), color = color))
EU vs. US
All
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EA20"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EA20", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_2flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
2012-
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EA20"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EA20", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("2013-01-01")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_2flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
EU27_2020 vs. US
All
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_2flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
1999-
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_2flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1990, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black") +
geom_label(data = . %>% filter(date == max(date)),
aes(x = date, y = obsValue, label = percent(obsValue), color = color))
EU vs. US vs. IT
1999-
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "ITA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1997, 2100, 5), seq(1999, 2100, 5)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
EU vs. US vs. DE vs. FR
All
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "DEU", "FRA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
#filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) %>%
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1949, 2100, 5)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
1999-
Quarterly
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "DEU", "FRA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1997, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
Smoothed
Quarterly
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "DEU", "FRA"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
group_by(REF_AREA) |>
arrange(date) |>
mutate(obsValue_roll4 = zoo::rollmean(obsValue, k = 4, fill = NA, align = "right")) |>
ungroup() |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue_roll4, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1997, 2100, 2)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
EU vs. US vs. DE
All
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "DEU"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
#filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) %>%
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_4flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1949, 2100, 5)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")
1999-
Code
BOP |>
filter(MEASURE == "CA",
REF_AREA %in% c("USA", "EU27_2020", "DEU"),
FREQ == "Q",
UNIT_MEASURE == "PT_B1GQ") |>
quarter_to_date() |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EU27_2020", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
#filter(date <= as.Date("2021-01-01")) %>%
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Current Account, % of GDP") +
scale_color_identity() + add_3flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = c(seq(1997, 2100, 5), seq(1999, 2100, 5)) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "black")




