Gross capital formation (% of GDP) - NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS

Data - WDI

Author

François Geerolf

Last observation: 2025 (N = 157)

First observation: 1960 (N = 74)

Last data update: 23 sept. 2026, 23:04

Last compile: 23 sept. 2026, 23:14

Nobs - Javascript

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  group_by(iso2c, Iso2c) |>
  mutate(value = round(value, 2)) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            `Year 1` = first(year),
            `Investment 1 (%)` = first(value),
            `Year 2` = last(year),
            `Investment 2 (%)` = last(value)) |>
  arrange(-Nobs) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Iso2c)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../bib/flags/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

France, Germany, Italy

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("IT", "FR", "DE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Gross capital formation (% of GDP)")

Japan, Switzerland

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("JP", "CH")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Gross capital formation (% of GDP)")

China, United States, France, GErmany

English

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "US", "FR", "DE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 5),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Gross capital formation (% of GDP)")

French

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "US", "FR", "DE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 5),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Formation brute de capital fixe (% du PIB)")

China, France, Germany

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("CN", "FR", "DE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Gross capital formation (% of GDP)")

Spain, United Kingdom, United States

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("US", "GB", "ES")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Gross capital formation (% of GDP)")

Argentina, Chile, Venezuela

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("AR", "CL", "VE")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Gross capital formation (% of GDP)")

Greece, Hong Kong, Mexico

Code 
NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("GR", "HK", "MX")) |>
  left_join(iso2c, by = "iso2c") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  add_flag_color("Iso2c") |>
  mutate(value = value/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1950, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 60, 2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Gross capital formation (% of GDP)")