Consumer Price Index - CPI

Data - BIS

Author

François Geerolf

Last observation: juil. 2026 (N = 92) · 2025 (N = 126)

First observation: 1661 (N = 1) · janv. 1913 (N = 1)

Last data update: 23 sept. 2026, 21:46

Last compile: 23 sept. 2026, 21:48

Structure

iso3c, iso2c, Reference area

Code 
CPI |>
  arrange(iso3c, date) |>
  group_by(iso3c, iso2c, `Reference area`) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            start = first(date),
            end = last(date)) |>
  arrange(-Nobs) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(`Reference area`)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

Year-on-year changes

Table - How much data on Inflation ?

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  group_by(iso3c, iso2c, `Reference area`) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            start = first(date),
            end = last(date)) |>
  arrange(-Nobs) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(`Reference area`)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

United Kingdom

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2100, 50) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United Kingdom (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United States

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("USA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United States (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("USA"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Canada

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CAN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Canada (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CAN"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Norway

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Norway (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NOR"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Switzerland

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHE"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Switzerland (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHE"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Switzerland (2010-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHE"),
         date >= as.Date("2010-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 0.2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = .2)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Denmark

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DNK"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Denmark (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DNK"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

South Africa

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ZAF"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

South Africa (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ZAF"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Belgium

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("BEL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Belgium (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("BEL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Australia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUS"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Australia (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUS"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

New Zealand

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NZL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

New Zealand (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NZL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Ireland

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IRL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Ireland (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IRL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Chile

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Chile (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Iceland

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Iceland (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Sweden

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SWE"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 20) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SWE"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Argentina

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-200, 10000, 200),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-200, 10000, 200),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1992-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1992-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 80, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1996 - 2005

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1996-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 80, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1992 - 2005

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1992-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Japan

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1980-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1980-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1986-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1986-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Italy

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ITA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Italy (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ITA"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Germany

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-1972

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1972-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-1990

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1990-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Austria

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUT"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUT"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Luxembourg

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("LUX"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Luxembourg (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("LUX"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Portugal

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("PRT"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Peru

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("PER"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-1000, 10000, 1000),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Hong Kong SAR

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("HKG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

France

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("FRA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Israel

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Finland

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("FIN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

India

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IND"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Spain

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ESP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Philippines

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("PHL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Greece

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GRC"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Netherlands

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NLD"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Netherlands (1952-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NLD"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Singapore

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SGP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Turkey

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("TUR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Korea

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("KOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1990-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("KOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Mexico

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("MEX"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Malaysia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("MYS"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Malta

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("MLT"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Thailand

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("THA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Indonesia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IDN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Brazil

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("BRA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Cyprus

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CYP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Poland

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("POL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Czech Republic

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CZE"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Euro area

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso2c %in% c("XM"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Saudi Arabia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "SAU",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Slovak Republic

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == c("SVK"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Bulgaria

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "BGR",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Romania

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "ROU",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Lithuania

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "LTU",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Latvia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "LVA",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

North Macedonia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "MKD",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Hungary

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "HUN",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Croatia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "HRV",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Slovenia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "SVN",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Estonia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "EST",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

China

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "CHN",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Serbia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "SRB",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Algeria

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "DZA",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Russia

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "RUS",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United Arab Emirates

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c == "ARE",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Index (100)

Argentina

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1990-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1990-2005

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1990-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 2) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

Crisis in Argentina

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1993-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 5),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1980-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1980-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

Japan

All

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1990-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1980-

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1980-01-01")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

Germany, France, Italy, Spain

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU", "FRA", "ITA", "ESP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  add_flag_color("Reference area") |>  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Germany, France, United States

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU", "FRA", "USA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) |>
  group_by(iso3c) |>
  mutate(value = 100*value/value[date == as.Date("1990-01-01")]) |>
  add_flag_color("Reference area") |>  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = c(seq(0, 200, 10), seq(200, 1000, 20)),
                labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Canada, UK, Norway, USA

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR", "USA", "CAN", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  add_flag_color("Reference area") |>  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2100, 50) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Canada, UK, Norway, USA (1920-)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR", "USA", "CAN", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1910-01-01")) |>
  add_flag_color("Reference area") |>  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Canada, UK, Norway, USA (1910-1950)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR", "USA", "CAN", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1910-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1950-01-01")) |>
  add_flag_color("Reference area") |>  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 20, 1),
                labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Sweden, Iceland, Belgium, Norway (1910-1950)

Code 
CPI |>
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SWE", "ISL", "BEL", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1800-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1950-01-01")) |>
  add_flag_color("Reference area") |>  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2100, 10) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 20, 1),
                labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.45),
        legend.title = element_blank())