Consumer Price Index

Data - BIS

Author

Info

Related data on inflation

Code

inflation %>%
  arrange(-(dataset == "CPI")) %>%
  mutate(Title = read_lines(paste0("~/Library/Mobile\ Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/website/data/", source, "/",dataset, ".qmd"), skip = 1, n_max = 1) %>% gsub("title: ", "", .) %>% gsub("\"", "", .)) %>%
  mutate(Download = as.Date(file.info(paste0("~/Library/Mobile\ Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/website/data/", source, "/", dataset, ".RData"))$mtime),
         Compile = as.Date(file.info(paste0("~/Library/Mobile\ Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/website/data/", source, "/", dataset, ".html"))$mtime)) %>%
  mutate(Compile = paste0("[", Compile, "](https://fgeerolf.com/data/", source, "/", dataset, '.html)')) %>%
  print_table_conditional()

source	dataset	Title	Download	Compile
bis	CPI	Consumer Price Index	2022-01-20	[2024-06-19]
imf	CPI	Consumer Price Index - CPI	2020-03-13	[2024-06-20]
ecb	CES	Consumer Expectations Survey	2024-01-12	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	nama_10_co3_p3	Final consumption expenditure of households by consumption purpose (COICOP 3 digit)	2024-07-01	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	prc_hicp_cow	HICP - country weights	2024-06-30	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	prc_hicp_ctrb	Contributions to euro area annual inflation (in percentage points)	2024-06-30	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	prc_hicp_inw	HICP - item weights	2024-07-01	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	prc_hicp_manr	HICP (2015 = 100) - monthly data (annual rate of change)	2024-06-30	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	prc_hicp_midx	HICP (2015 = 100) - monthly data (index)	2024-07-01	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	prc_hicp_mmor	HICP (2015 = 100) - monthly data (monthly rate of change)	2024-07-01	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	prc_ppp_ind	Purchasing power parities (PPPs), price level indices and real expenditures for ESA 2010 aggregates	2024-06-30	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	sts_inpp_m	Producer prices in industry, total - monthly data	2024-07-01	[2024-06-24]
eurostat	sts_inppd_m	Producer prices in industry, domestic market - monthly data	2024-06-30	[2024-07-01]
eurostat	sts_inppnd_m	Producer prices in industry, non domestic market - monthly data	2024-06-30	[2024-06-24]
fred	cpi	Consumer Price Index	2024-07-01	[2024-07-01]
fred	inflation	Inflation	2024-07-01	[2024-06-18]
oecd	MEI_PRICES_PPI	Producer Prices - MEI_PRICES_PPI	2024-04-15	[2024-07-01]
oecd	PPP2017	2017 PPP Benchmark results	2023-07-25	[2024-04-16]
oecd	PRICES_CPI	Consumer price indices (CPIs)	2024-04-15	[2024-04-16]
wdi	FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG	Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)	2024-04-14	[2023-01-15]
wdi	NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG	Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)	2024-04-14	[2024-04-14]

Code

tibble(LAST_DOWNLOAD = as.Date(file.info("~/Library/Mobile\ Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/website/data/eurostat/prc_hicp_mmor.RData")$mtime)) %>%
  print_table_conditional()

LAST_DOWNLOAD
2024-07-01

LAST_COMPILE

LAST_COMPILE
2024-07-02

Last

date	Nobs
2021-11-01	74

iso3c, iso2c, Reference area

Code

CPI %>%
  arrange(iso3c, date) %>%
  group_by(iso3c, iso2c, `Reference area`) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            start = first(date),
            end = last(date)) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(`Reference area`)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

FREQ, Frequency

Code

CPI %>%
  group_by(FREQ, Frequency) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}

FREQ	Frequency	Nobs
M	Monthly	86108
A	Annual	8704

UNIT_MEASURE, Unit of measure

Code

CPI %>%
  group_by(UNIT_MEASURE, `Unit of measure`) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) print_table(.) else .}

UNIT_MEASURE	Unit of measure	Nobs
628	Index, 2010 = 100	47804
771	Year-on-year changes, in per cent	47008

Year-on-year changes

Table - How much data on Inflation ?

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  group_by(iso3c, iso2c, `Reference area`) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n(),
            start = first(date),
            end = last(date)) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(`Reference area`)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

United Kingdom

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2020, 50) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United Kingdom (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United States

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("USA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United States (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("USA"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Canada

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CAN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Canada (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CAN"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Norway

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Norway (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NOR"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Switzerland

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHE"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Switzerland (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHE"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Switzerland (2010-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHE"),
         date >= as.Date("2010-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 0.2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = .2)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Denmark

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DNK"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Denmark (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DNK"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

South Africa

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ZAF"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

South Africa (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ZAF"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Belgium

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("BEL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Belgium (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("BEL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Australia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUS"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Australia (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUS"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

New Zealand

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NZL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

New Zealand (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NZL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Ireland

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IRL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Ireland (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IRL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Chile

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Chile (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CHL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Iceland

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Iceland (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISL"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Sweden

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SWE"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 20) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SWE"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 600, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Argentina

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-200, 10000, 200),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-200, 10000, 200),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1992-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1992-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 80, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1996 - 2005

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1996-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 80, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1992 - 2005

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         date >= as.Date("1992-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Japan

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1980-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1980-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1986-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         date >= as.Date("1986-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Italy

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ITA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Italy (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ITA"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Germany

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-1972

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1972-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-1990

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1990-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Austria

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUT"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1952-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("AUT"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Luxembourg

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("LUX"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1800, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Luxembourg (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("LUX"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Portugal

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("PRT"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Peru

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("PER"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-1000, 10000, 1000),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Hong Kong SAR

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("HKG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

France

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("FRA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-10, 200, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Israel

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ISR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 20),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Finland

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("FIN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

India

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IND"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Spain

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ESP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Philippines

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("PHL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Greece

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GRC"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Netherlands

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NLD"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Netherlands (1952-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("NLD"),
         date >= as.Date("1952-01-01"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Singapore

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SGP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Turkey

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("TUR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Korea

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("KOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2025, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

1990-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("KOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2025, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Mexico

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("MEX"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Malaysia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("MYS"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Malta

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("MLT"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Thailand

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("THA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Indonesia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("IDN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-20, 700, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Brazil

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("BRA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Cyprus

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CYP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Poland

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("POL"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Czech Republic

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("CZE"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Euro area

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso2c %in% c("XM"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Saudi Arabia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "SAU",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 1),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Slovak Republic

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == c("SVK"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 10),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Bulgaria

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "BGR",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Romania

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "ROU",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Lithuania

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "LTU",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Latvia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "LVA",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

North Macedonia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "MKD",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Hungary

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "HUN",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Croatia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "HRV",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 100),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Slovenia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "SVN",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Estonia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "EST",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

China

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "CHN",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Serbia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "SRB",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Algeria

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "DZA",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 5),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Russia

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "RUS",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

United Arab Emirates

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c == "ARE",
         UNIT_MEASURE == 771,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line() + theme_minimal() + 
  aes(x = date, y = value/100) + xlab("") + ylab("Inflation") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-100, 10000, 2),
                     labels = percent_format(a = 1)) + 
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "grey")

Index (100)

Argentina

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1990-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1990-2005

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1990-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 2) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

Crisis in Argentina

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1993-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("2005-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 1) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 5),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1980-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("ARG"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1980-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

Japan

All

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1990-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

1980-

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("JPN"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1980-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 2),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(3)[1:2]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  geom_vline(xintercept = as.Date("2013-03-01"), linetype = "dashed", color = viridis(3)[2])

Germany, France, Italy, Spain

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU", "FRA", "ITA", "ESP"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Germany, France, United States

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("DEU", "FRA", "USA"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1990-01-01")) %>%
  group_by(iso3c) %>%
  mutate(value = 100*value/value[date == as.Date("1990-01-01")]) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 5) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = c(seq(0, 200, 10), seq(200, 1000, 20)),
                labels = dollar_format(a = 1, p = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(4)[1:3]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Canada, UK, Norway, USA

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR", "USA", "CAN", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2020, 50) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                     labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Canada, UK, Norway, USA (1920-)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR", "USA", "CAN", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A") %>%
  filter(date >= as.Date("1910-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 200, 10),
                labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.80),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Canada, UK, Norway, USA (1910-1950)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("GBR", "USA", "CAN", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1910-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1950-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 20, 1),
                labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank())

Sweden, Iceland, Belgium, Norway (1910-1950)

Code

CPI %>%
  filter(iso3c %in% c("SWE", "ISL", "BEL", "NOR"),
         UNIT_MEASURE == 628,
         FREQ == "A",
         date >= as.Date("1800-01-01"),
         date <= as.Date("1950-01-01")) %>%
  ggplot(.) + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = `Reference area`)) + 
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("CPI (Index)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1600, 2020, 10) %>% paste0("-01-01") %>% as.Date,
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 20, 1),
                labels = dollar_format(accuracy = 1, prefix = "")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = viridis(5)[1:4]) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.45),
        legend.title = element_blank())