Consumer price indices (CPIs) - PRICES_C2018_ALL

Data - OECD

Author

François Geerolf

Last observation: Q2 2026 (N = 1942) · août 2026 (N = 1751) · 2026 (N = 1)

First observation: 1914 (N = 1) · janv. 1914 (N = 1) · Q1 1914 (N = 1)

Last data update: 14 sept. 2026, 23:24

Last compile: 16 sept. 2026, 20:04

Structure

Europe vs. US

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("EA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EA", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("EA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2002-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EA", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("EA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  mutate(Ref_area = ifelse(REF_AREA == "EA", "Europe", Ref_area)) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_3flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

France vs. Germany

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "DEU"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

1999-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "DEU"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1999-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "DEU"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

France vs. USA

CP041 - rents

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP041",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP041)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2002-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP041",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2002-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP041)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2010-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP041",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2010-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP041)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP041",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP041)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

GD

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "GD",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP09)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2002-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "GD",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2002-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP09)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "GD",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (GD)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

CP07

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP07",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP09)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2002-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP07",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2002-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP09)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP07",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP07)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2020-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP07",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2020-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP07)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

CP09

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP09",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP09)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2002-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP09",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2002-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP09)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP09",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP09)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

CP08

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP08",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP08)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2002-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP08",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2002-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP08)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "CP08",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index (CP08)") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.2),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

All

1996-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("1996-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2002-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2002-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2017-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2017-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))

2019-

Code 
PRICES_C2018_ALL |>
  filter(EXPENDITURE == "_T",
         REF_AREA %in% c("FRA", "USA"),
         ADJUSTMENT == "N",
         MEASURE == "CPI",
         TRANSFORMATION == "_Z",
         FREQ == "M") |>
  
  
  month_to_date() |>
  filter(date >= as.Date("2019-01-01")) |>
  group_by(Ref_area, Methodology) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  mutate(obsValue = 100*obsValue/obsValue[1]) |>
  add_flag_color("Ref_area") |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Methodology)) + 
  scale_color_identity() +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("dashed", "solid")) + add_flags +
  theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Price Index") +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1)) + 
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(10, 200, 5))