Pensions at A Glance - PAG

Data - OECD

Author

François Geerolf

Info

Last observation: A: 2075 (N = 51)

First observation: A: 1950 (N = 51)

Last data update: 02 aoû 2026, 09:02. Last compile: 18 aoû 2026, 01:16

Structure

obsTime

Code 
PAG |>
  group_by(obsTime) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n()) |>
  arrange(desc(obsTime)) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F) else .}

Age

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND %in% c("PEN1A", "PEN1B"),
         obsTime == "2018") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  select(COU, Cou, IND, obsValue) |>
  spread(IND, obsValue) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", Cou))),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

Old Age Poverty

PEN24F - Old age income poverty, whole population

Code 
PAG |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  filter(IND == "PEN24F") |>
  filter(obsTime == "2018") %>%
  select_if(~ n_distinct(.) > 1) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", Cou))),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, COU, Cou, everything()) |>
  arrange(obsValue) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

PEN24A - Old age income poverty, 66+

Code 
PAG |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  filter(IND == "PEN24A") |>
  filter(obsTime == "2018") %>%
  select_if(~ n_distinct(.) > 1) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", Cou))),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, COU, Cou, everything()) |>
  arrange(obsValue) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

Actual + Projections

France, Germany, Italy

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND %in% c("PEN25", "PEN27"), 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(variable = case_when(IND == "PEN25" ~ paste0(Cou, " - Actual"),
                              IND == "PEN27" ~ paste0(Cou, " - Projection")),
         obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Ind)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.25, 0.9),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 20, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

Actual + Projections

France, Germany, Italy, Chile

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND %in% c("PEN25", "PEN27"), 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA", "CHL")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(Ind = case_when(IND == "PEN25" ~ "Public expenditure on pensions - Actual",
                              IND == "PEN27" ~ "Public expenditure on pensions - Projection"),
         obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Ind)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_4flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.4),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 20, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND %in% c("PEN25", "PEN27"), 
         COU %in% c("NLD", "CHE", "DNK")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(variable = case_when(IND == "PEN25" ~ paste0(Cou, " - Actual"),
                              IND == "PEN27" ~ paste0(Cou, " - Projection")),
         obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Ind)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 16, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                     limits = c(0.0, 0.11)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

Japan, United Kingdom, United States

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND %in% c("PEN25", "PEN27"), 
         COU %in% c("JPN", "USA", "GBR")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(variable = case_when(IND == "PEN25" ~ paste0(Cou, " - Actual"),
                              IND == "PEN27" ~ paste0(Cou, " - Projection")),
         obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color, linetype = Ind)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 12, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1),
                     limits = c(0.0, 0.11)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

PEN25

France, Germany, Italy

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN25", 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 20, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

PEN27 - Projections of public expenditure on pensions

France, Germany, Italy

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN27", 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU", "ITA")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 20, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN27", 
         COU %in% c("NLD", "CHE", "DNK")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_3flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 20, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

France, Germany

PEN25

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN25", 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue / 100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_2flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-7, 20, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

PEN3B

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN3B", 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_2flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

PEN3B

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN3B", 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_2flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 5),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

PEN5B

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN5B", 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_2flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")

PEN10B

Code 
PAG |>
  filter(IND == "PEN10B", 
         COU %in% c("FRA", "DEU")) |>
  left_join(PAG_var$COU, by = "COU") |>
  left_join(PAG_var$IND, by = "IND") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(obsValue = obsValue/100) |>
  filter(year(date) >= 1990) |>
  arrange(Cou) |>
  select(Cou, Ind, date, obsValue) |>
  rename(Location = Cou) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Location" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = obsValue, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal() + add_2flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 1) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.65, 0.25),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 100, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  ylab("Public expenditure on pensions (% of GDP)") + xlab("")