General government gross debt (EDP concept), consolidated - annual data - tipsgo10

Data - Eurostat

Info

Last observation: Annual: 2025 (N = 60)

First observation: Annual: 1995 (N = 54)

Last data update: 11 aoû 2026, 21:46. Last compile: 12 aoû 2026, 03:57

Structure

unit

Code
tipsgo10 %>%
  select_if(~n_distinct(.) > 1) |>
  
  group_by(unit, Unit) |>
  summarise(Nobs = n()) |>
  arrange(-Nobs) |>
  print_table_conditional()
unit Unit Nobs
MIO_NAC Million units of national currency 919
PC_GDP Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) 919

France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands

Percent

Code
tipsgo10 |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "NL", "ES", "IT"),
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "NL", color2, color)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) + theme_minimal() +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  xlab("") + ylab("General government gross debt (EDP concept), consolidated") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-300, 600, 20),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0.6, linetype = "dashed")

Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Ireland

Percent

Code
tipsgo10 |>
  filter(geo %in% c("EL", "PT", "BE", "IE"),
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>

  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "BE", color2, color)) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) + theme_minimal() +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  xlab("") + ylab("General government gross debt (EDP concept), consolidated") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-300, 600, 20),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0.6, linetype = "dashed")

Latest Year: All Countries

Code
latest_y <- tipsgo10 |>
  filter(unit == "PC_GDP", !is.na(values)) |>
  summarise(m = max(time)) |>
  pull(m)

tipsgo10 |>
  filter(time == latest_y,
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  mutate(values = round(values, 1)) |>
  select(Geo, values) |>
  arrange(-values) |>
  rename(!!paste0("Gross debt, % of GDP (", latest_y, ")") := values) |>
  print_table_conditional()
Geo Gross debt, % of GDP (2025)
Greece 146.1
Italy 137.1
France 115.6
Belgium 107.9
Spain 100.7
Portugal 89.7
Finland 88.5
Euro area – 20 countries (2023-2025) 87.8
Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) 87.4
European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 81.7
Austria 81.5
Hungary 74.6
Slovenia 65.7
Germany 63.5
Slovakia 61.4
Poland 59.7
Romania 59.3
Croatia 56.3
Cyprus 55.0
Latvia 46.9
Malta 46.4
Netherlands 44.4
Czechia 44.3
Lithuania 39.5
Sweden 35.1
Ireland 32.9
Bulgaria 29.9
Denmark 27.9
Luxembourg 26.5
Estonia 24.1