Pensions - spr_exp_pens

Data - Eurostat

Author

François Geerolf

Info

LAST_COMPILE

LAST_COMPILE
2025-10-11

Last

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  group_by(time) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(desc(time)) %>%
  head(1) %>%
  print_table_conditional()
time Nobs
2023 5104

spdepb

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(spdepb, by = "spdepb") %>%
  group_by(spdepb, Spdepb) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
spdepb Spdepb Nobs
TOTAL Total 32756
OLD NA 32745
DIS NA 32668
SRV NA 32646
AOLD NA 31778
ERLM NA 31052
ERRC NA 30460
PART NA 30447

spdepm

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(spdepm, by = "spdepm") %>%
  group_by(spdepm, Spdepm) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
spdepm Spdepm Nobs
TOTAL Total 85633
NMT NA 85578
MT NA 83341

unit

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(unit, by = "unit") %>%
  group_by(unit, Unit) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
unit Unit Nobs
MIO_EUR Million euro 27745
MIO_PPS Million purchasing power standards (PPS) 24406
PC_GDP Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) 23542
MEUR_KP10 Million euro (at constant 2010 prices) 23158
MEUR_KP15 NA 23158
MIO_NAC Million units of national currency 22777
EUR_HAB_KP10 Euro per inhabitant (at constant 2010 prices) 22446
EUR_HAB_KP15 NA 22446
PPS_HAB Purchasing power standard (PPS) per inhabitant 22446
MNAC_KP10 Million units of national currency at constant 2010 prices 21214
MNAC_KP15 NA 21214

geo

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  group_by(geo, Geo) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

List of Countries: 2000-2019

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(# OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         time %in% c("1997", "2017")) %>%
  select(geo, time, values) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  spread(time, values) %>%
  mutate(`Change` = round(`2017` - `1997`, 1)) %>%
  na.omit %>%
  arrange(Change) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

France, Germany, Italy

% of GDP - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

% of GDP - Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # PC_GDP: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.3, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old Age Pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/1000) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/1000) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden

% of GDP - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("AT", "DK", "NL", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Greece

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE", "EL"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     limits = c(0.09, 0.18),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Portugal

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old age pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Disability pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "DIS",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Disability pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))

Survivors pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "SRV",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Survivors pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))