Pensions - spr_exp_pens

Data - Eurostat

Author

François Geerolf

Info

Last observation: Annual: 2024 (N = 3,421)

First observation: Annual: 1990 (N = 1,308)

Last data update: 11 aoû 2026, 22:42. Last compile: 12 aoû 2026, 03:18

Structure

List of Countries: 2000-2019

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(# OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         time %in% c("1997", "2017")) |>
  select(geo, Geo, time, values) |>

  spread(time, values) |>
  mutate(`Change` = round(`2017` - `1997`, 1)) |>
  na.omit() |>
  arrange(Change) |>
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

France, Germany, Italy

% of GDP - Total

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

% of GDP - Old age pension

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # PC_GDP: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.3, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old Age Pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Total

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/1000) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Old age pension

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/1000) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden

% of GDP - Total

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("AT", "DK", "NL", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden

Total

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Greece

Total

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE", "EL"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     limits = c(0.09, 0.18),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Portugal

Total

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Old age pension

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old age pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Disability pension

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "DIS",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Disability pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))

Survivors pension

Code

spr_exp_pens |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "SRV",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Survivors pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))