Pensions - spr_exp_pens

Data - Eurostat

Author

François Geerolf

Info

LAST_COMPILE

LAST_COMPILE
2026-01-31

Last

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  group_by(time) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(desc(time)) %>%
  head(1) %>%
  print_table_conditional()
time Nobs
2023 7942

spdepb

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(spdepb, by = "spdepb") %>%
  group_by(spdepb, Spdepb) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
spdepb Spdepb Nobs
TOTAL Total 33038
OLD NA 32983
SRV NA 32774
DIS NA 32752
AOLD NA 30949
ERLM NA 30179
ERRC NA 29191
PART NA 29134

spdepm

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(spdepm, by = "spdepm") %>%
  group_by(spdepm, Spdepm) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
spdepm Spdepm Nobs
TOTAL Total 84977
NMT NA 84878
MT NA 81145

unit

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(unit, by = "unit") %>%
  group_by(unit, Unit) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
unit Unit Nobs
MIO_EUR Million euro 27505
MIO_PPS Million purchasing power standards (PPS) 24118
PC_GDP Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) 23110
MEUR_KP10 Million euro (at constant 2010 prices) 22870
MEUR_KP15 NA 22870
MIO_NAC Million units of national currency 22369
PPS_HAB Purchasing power standard (PPS) per inhabitant 22230
EUR_HAB_KP10 Euro per inhabitant (at constant 2010 prices) 22134
EUR_HAB_KP15 NA 22134
MNAC_KP10 Million units of national currency at constant 2010 prices 20830
MNAC_KP15 NA 20830

geo

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  group_by(geo, Geo) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

List of Countries: 2000-2019

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(# OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         time %in% c("1997", "2017")) %>%
  select(geo, time, values) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  spread(time, values) %>%
  mutate(`Change` = round(`2017` - `1997`, 1)) %>%
  na.omit %>%
  arrange(Change) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

France, Germany, Italy

% of GDP - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

% of GDP - Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # PC_GDP: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.3, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old Age Pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/1000) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/1000) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden

% of GDP - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("AT", "DK", "NL", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Greece

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE", "EL"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     limits = c(0.09, 0.18),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Portugal

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old age pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Disability pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "DIS",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Disability pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))

Survivors pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "SRV",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Survivors pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))