Pensions - spr_exp_pens

Data - Eurostat

Author

François Geerolf

Info

LAST_COMPILE

LAST_COMPILE
2025-08-27

Last

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  group_by(time) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(desc(time)) %>%
  head(1) %>%
  print_table_conditional()
time Nobs
2023 2189

spdepb

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(spdepb, by = "spdepb") %>%
  group_by(spdepb, Spdepb) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
spdepb Spdepb Nobs
TOTAL Total 32316
OLD NA 32305
DIS NA 32239
SRV NA 32239
AOLD NA 32020
ERLM NA 31514
PART NA 31019
ERRC NA 31010

spdepm

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(spdepm, by = "spdepm") %>%
  group_by(spdepm, Spdepm) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
spdepm Spdepm Nobs
TOTAL Total 85556
NMT NA 85512
MT NA 83594

unit

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(unit, by = "unit") %>%
  group_by(unit, Unit) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  print_table_conditional
unit Unit Nobs
MIO_EUR Million euro 27755
MIO_PPS Million purchasing power standards (PPS) 24416
PC_GDP Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) 23552
MEUR_KP10 Million euro (at constant 2010 prices) 23168
MEUR_KP15 NA 23168
MIO_NAC Million units of national currency 22787
EUR_HAB_KP10 Euro per inhabitant (at constant 2010 prices) 22456
EUR_HAB_KP15 NA 22456
PPS_HAB Purchasing power standard (PPS) per inhabitant 22456
MNAC_KP10 Million units of national currency at constant 2010 prices 21224
MNAC_KP15 NA 21224

geo

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  group_by(geo, Geo) %>%
  summarise(Nobs = n()) %>%
  arrange(-Nobs) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

List of Countries: 2000-2019

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(# OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         time %in% c("1997", "2017")) %>%
  select(geo, time, values) %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  spread(time, values) %>%
  mutate(`Change` = round(`2017` - `1997`, 1)) %>%
  na.omit %>%
  arrange(Change) %>%
  mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(Geo)),
         Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) %>%
  select(Flag, everything()) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

France, Germany, Italy

% of GDP - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

% of GDP - Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # PC_GDP: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.3, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old Age Pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/1000) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Amounts (Bn€) - Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "MIO_EUR") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/1000) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("") +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = seq(0, 1000, 50),
                labels = dollar_format(suffix = " Bn€", prefix = "", accuracy = 1))

Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden

% of GDP - Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("AT", "DK", "NL", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  scale_color_identity() + theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Greece

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "SE", "EL"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FECC00")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     limits = c(0.09, 0.18),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Portugal

Total

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "TOTAL",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Total Spending on Pensions (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Old age pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "OLD",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Old age pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 1),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Disability pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "DIS",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Disability pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))

Survivors pension

Code 
spr_exp_pens %>%
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "EL", "PT"),
         # OLD: Old age pension
         spdepb == "SRV",
         # TOTAL: Total
         spdepm == "TOTAL",
         # MIO_EUR: Million euro
         unit == "PC_GDP") %>%
  year_to_date %>%
  left_join(geo, by = "geo") %>%
  mutate(values = values/100) %>%
  ggplot + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000", "#0D5EAF", "#009246", "#FF0000")) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Survivors pension (% of GDP)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 60, 0.2),
                     labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = .1))