Long-term unemployment (12 months and more) by NUTS 2 regions - lfst_r_lfu2ltu

Data - Eurostat

Author

François Geerolf

Info

Last observation: Annual: 2025 (N = 109,170)

First observation: Annual: 1999 (N = 100,677)

Last data update: 11 aoû 2026, 22:42. Last compile: 12 aoû 2026, 01:14

Structure

National Comparison

France, Germany, Italy, Spain

Code

lfst_r_lfu2ltu |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES"),
         isced11 == "TOTAL",
         sex == "T",
         age == "Y15-74",
         unit == "PC_ACT") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1995, 2100, 5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Long-term unemployment (% of active population)") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

NUTS 2 - Long-Term Unemployment

Regional Map

Code

map_year <- lfst_r_lfu2ltu |>
  filter(isced11 == "TOTAL",
         sex == "T",
         age == "Y15-74",
         unit == "PC_ACT",
         nchar(geo) > 2,
         !is.na(values)) |>
  count(time) |>
  arrange(desc(n)) |>
  slice(1) |>
  pull(time)

lfst_r_lfu2ltu |>
  filter(time == map_year,
         isced11 == "TOTAL",
         sex == "T",
         age == "Y15-74",
         unit == "PC_ACT") |>
  select(geo, values) |>
  right_join(europe_NUTS2, by = "geo") |>
  filter(long >= -13.5, lat >= 33) |>
  ggplot(aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group, fill = values/100)) +
  geom_polygon() + coord_map() +
  scale_fill_viridis_c(na.value = "white",
                       labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +
  theme_void() + theme(legend.position = c(0.15, 0.85)) +
  labs(fill = "Long-term\nunemployment")

Latest Year by Education Level

Code

latest_y <- lfst_r_lfu2ltu |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES"),
         isced11 == "TOTAL",
         sex == "T",
         age == "Y15-74",
         unit == "PC_ACT",
         !is.na(values)) |>
  summarise(m = max(time)) |>
  pull(m)

lfst_r_lfu2ltu |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE", "IT", "ES"),
         isced11 %in% c("ED0-2", "ED3_4", "ED5-8"),
         sex == "T",
         age == "Y15-74",
         unit == "PC_ACT",
         time == latest_y) |>
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  select(Isced11, Geo, values) |>
  spread(Geo, values) |>
  print_table_conditional()

Isced11	France	Germany	Italy	Spain
Less than primary, primary and lower secondary education (levels 0-2)	0.042	0.028	0.051	0.056
Tertiary education (levels 5-8)	0.011	0.007	0.013	0.017
Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4)	0.018	0.009	0.029	0.036