Last observation: 2025 (N = 14755)
First observation: 1983 (N = 1578)
Last data update: 14 aoû 2026, 23:35. Last compile: 18 aoû 2026, 01:47
Unemployment rates by sex, age and educational attainment level (%) - lfsa_urgaed
Data - Eurostat
Info
Structure
France, EU, Italy, Germany, Spain, Netherlands
15-74, peu d’éducation
Code
lfsa_urgaed |>
filter(isced11 == "ED0-2",
age == "Y15-74",
geo %in% c("EA19", "DE", "ES", "FR", "IT"),
sex == "T") |>
year_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1995-01-01")) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "DE", "Germany", Geo)) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "EA19", color2, color)) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "ES", color2, color)) |>
mutate(values = values / 100) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Taux d'emploi (1er cycle de l'enseignement secondaire)") +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-500, 200, 2),
labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Education moyenne
Code
lfsa_urgaed |>
filter(isced11 == "ED3_4",
age == "Y15-74",
geo %in% c("EA19", "DE", "ES", "FR", "IT"),
sex == "T") |>
year_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1995-01-01")) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "DE", "Germany", Geo)) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "EA19", color2, color)) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "ES", color2, color)) |>
mutate(values = values / 100) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Taux d'emploi") +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-500, 200, 2),
labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Enseignement supérieur
Code
lfsa_urgaed |>
filter(isced11 == "ED5-8",
age == "Y15-74",
geo %in% c("EA19", "DE", "ES", "FR", "IT"),
sex == "T") |>
year_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1995-01-01")) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "DE", "Germany", Geo)) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "EA19", color2, color)) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "ES", color2, color)) |>
mutate(values = values / 100) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Taux d'emploi") +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-500, 200, 2),
labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))
TOTAL
Code
lfsa_urgaed |>
filter(isced11 == "TOTAL",
age == "Y15-74",
geo %in% c("ES", "DE", "FR", "IT", "EA19"),
sex == "T") |>
year_to_date() |>
filter(date >= as.Date("1995-01-01")) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "DE", "Germany", Geo)) |>
mutate(Geo = ifelse(geo == "EA19", "Europe", Geo)) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "EA19", color2, color)) |>
mutate(color = ifelse(geo == "ES", color2, color)) |>
mutate(values = values / 100) |>
ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
theme_minimal() + xlab("") + ylab("Taux d'emploi") +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1960, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-500, 200, 2),
labels = percent_format(accuracy = 1))
EU: Employment Rates - All
All
Code
lfsa_urgaed |>
filter(geo %in% c("EU15", "EU28", "EU27_2020"),
age == "Y15-64",
isced11 == "TOTAL",
sex == "T",
unit == "PC") |>
year_to_date() |>
mutate(values = values/100) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() +
aes(x = date, y = values, color = color) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.3, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
xlab("") + ylab("Employment Rates") +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 200, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Female
Code
lfsa_urgaed |>
filter(geo %in% c("EU15", "EU28", "EU27_2020"),
age == "Y15-64",
isced11 == "TOTAL",
sex == "F",
unit == "PC") |>
year_to_date() |>
mutate(values = values/100) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() +
aes(x = date, y = values, color = color) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.3, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
xlab("") + ylab("Employment Rates (Female)") +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 200, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Male
Code
lfsa_urgaed |>
filter(geo %in% c("EU15", "EU28", "EU27_2020"),
age == "Y15-64",
isced11 == "TOTAL",
sex == "M",
unit == "PC") |>
year_to_date() |>
mutate(values = values/100) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
ggplot() + geom_line() + theme_minimal() +
aes(x = date, y = values, color = color) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.22, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
xlab("") + ylab("Employment Rates (Male)") +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(0, 200, 1),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))