Structure of labour cost by NACE Rev. 2 activity - % of total cost - lc_nstruc_r2

Data - Eurostat

Info

Last observation: Annual: 2020 (N = 565,308)

First observation: Annual: 2008 (N = 604,673)

Last data update: 11 aoû 2026, 20:26. Last compile: 12 aoû 2026, 00:51

Structure

freq

sizeclas

lcstruct

nace_r2

unit

geo

Spain, Netherlands, Portugal, Hungary, Romania

Wages and Salaries (D1, % of Total Labour Cost)

lc_nstruc_r2 |>
  filter(geo %in% c("ES", "NL", "PT", "HU", "RO"),
         sizeclas == "TOTAL",
         nace_r2 == "B-S_X_O",
         lcstruct == "D1") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal() + scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(2008, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  xlab("") + ylab("Compensation of employees (% of total labour cost)") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))

Non-Wage Cost Components

EU27, Whole Economy

lc_nstruc_r2 |>
  filter(geo == "EU27_2020",
         sizeclas == "TOTAL",
         nace_r2 == "B-S_X_O",
         lcstruct %in% c("D2", "D3", "D4", "D5")) |>
  year_to_date() |>
  mutate(values = values/100) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Lcstruct)) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.75, 0.8),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(2008, 2100, 2), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  xlab("") + ylab("% of total labour cost") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 0.1))

Latest Survey Year by Cost Component

latest_y <- lc_nstruc_r2 |>
  filter(sizeclas == "TOTAL", nace_r2 == "B-S_X_O", lcstruct == "D1", !is.na(values)) |>
  summarise(m = max(time)) |>
  pull(m)

lc_nstruc_r2 |>
  filter(geo %in% c("EU27_2020", "ES", "NL", "PT", "HU", "RO"),
         sizeclas == "TOTAL",
         nace_r2 == "B-S_X_O",
         lcstruct %in% c("D1", "D2", "D3", "D4", "D5"),
         time == latest_y) |>
  select(Geo, lcstruct, values) |>
  spread(lcstruct, values) |>
  print_table_conditional()

Geo	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)	100.47	0.58	0.94	0.09	2.08
Hungary	96.84	0.96	2.14	0.26	0.20
Netherlands	100.76	1.08	2.07	0.17	4.07
Portugal	100.90	0.14	0.33	NA	1.37
Romania	100.38	0.08	0.39	0.58	1.44
Spain	99.21	0.18	0.69	NA	0.08