General government expenditure by function (COFOG) - gov_10a_exp

Data - Eurostat

Author

François Geerolf

Info

Last observation: Annual: 2025 (N = 45,273)

First observation: Annual: 1990 (N = 15,325)

Last data update: 11 aoû 2026, 21:45. Last compile: 11 aoû 2026, 23:56

Structure

France vs germany

2022

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "MIO_EUR",
         sector == "S13",
         time == "2022",
         na_item == "TE",
         substr(cofog99, 1, 4) == "GF09") %>%
  select_if(~ n_distinct(.) > 1) |>
  
  #select(-na_item) %>%
  spread(geo, values) |>
  print_table_conditional()

cofog99	Cofog99	Geo	DE	FR
GF09	Education	France	NA	134016.9
GF09	Education	Germany	173973	NA
GF0901	Pre-primary and primary education	France	NA	36977.8
GF0901	Pre-primary and primary education	Germany	57429	NA
GF0902	Secondary education	France	NA	58206.0
GF0902	Secondary education	Germany	62643	NA
GF0903	Post-secondary non-tertiary education	France	NA	1041.1
GF0903	Post-secondary non-tertiary education	Germany	2730	NA
GF0904	Tertiary education	France	NA	12430.1
GF0904	Tertiary education	Germany	30522	NA
GF0905	Education not definable by level	France	NA	8636.6
GF0905	Education not definable by level	Germany	3121	NA
GF0906	Subsidiary services to education	France	NA	16124.9
GF0906	Subsidiary services to education	Germany	14590	NA
GF0907	R&D Education	France	NA	4.1
GF0907	R&D Education	Germany	597	NA
GF0908	Education n.e.c.	France	NA	596.4
GF0908	Education n.e.c.	Germany	2341	NA

2021

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "MIO_EUR",
         sector == "S13",
         time == "2021",
         na_item == "TE",
         substr(cofog99, 1, 4) == "GF09") %>%
  select_if(~ n_distinct(.) > 1) |>
  
  #select(-na_item) %>%
  spread(geo, values) |>
  print_table_conditional()

cofog99	Cofog99	Geo	DE	FR
GF09	Education	France	NA	127071.8
GF09	Education	Germany	163730	NA
GF0901	Pre-primary and primary education	France	NA	35093.0
GF0901	Pre-primary and primary education	Germany	54444	NA
GF0902	Secondary education	France	NA	55476.9
GF0902	Secondary education	Germany	59960	NA
GF0903	Post-secondary non-tertiary education	France	NA	905.1
GF0903	Post-secondary non-tertiary education	Germany	2597	NA
GF0904	Tertiary education	France	NA	11335.7
GF0904	Tertiary education	Germany	27989	NA
GF0905	Education not definable by level	France	NA	8046.8
GF0905	Education not definable by level	Germany	2766	NA
GF0906	Subsidiary services to education	France	NA	15590.7
GF0906	Subsidiary services to education	Germany	13467	NA
GF0907	R&D Education	France	NA	5.2
GF0907	R&D Education	Germany	323	NA
GF0908	Education n.e.c.	France	NA	618.4
GF0908	Education n.e.c.	Germany	2184	NA

Germany VS France

General Public Services - TOTAL

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         sector == "S13",
         cofog99 == "TOTAL",
         na_item == "TE") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  select(date, geo, Geo, na_item, values) |>
  
  mutate(values = values / 100) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960,2100,  5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-30, 80, 2),
                labels = percent_format(a = 1))

GF09

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "PC_GDP",
         sector == "S13",
         cofog99 == "GF09",
         na_item == "TE") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  select(date, geo, Geo, na_item, values) |>
  
  mutate(values = values / 100) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960,2100,  5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-30, 80, 0.2),
                labels = percent_format(a = .1))

GF09

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "MIO_EUR",
         sector == "S13",
         cofog99 == "GF09",
         na_item == "TE") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  select(date, geo, Geo, na_item, values) |>
  
  mutate(values = values / 1000) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal()  + add_flags + xlab("") + ylab("") + scale_color_identity() +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960,2100,  5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-30, 300, 10))

Germany VS France

General Public Services - TOTAL

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "MIO_EUR",
         sector == "S13",
         cofog99 == "TOTAL",
         na_item %in% c("P5", "TE")) |>
  year_to_date() |>
  select(date, geo, Geo, na_item, values) |>
  spread(na_item, values) |>
  
  mutate(values = P5 / TE) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = Geo)) +
  theme_minimal()  +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960,2100,  5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  add_flags +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#002395", "#000000")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("") + ylab("Eurostat (P5 / TE de gov_10a_exp)") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-30, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(a = 1))

Germany VS France

GF09

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "PC_TOT",
         sector == "S13",
         cofog99 == "GF09",
         na_item == "P5") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values / 100) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal()  +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960,2100,  5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("GF01 - Services généraux des admin pub") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-30, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(a = 1))

General Public Services - GF01

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "PC_TOT",
         sector == "S13",
         cofog99 == "GF01",
         na_item == "P5") |>
  year_to_date() |>
  
  mutate(values = values / 100) |>
  left_join(colors, by = c("Geo" = "country")) |>
  ggplot() + geom_line(aes(x = date, y = values, color = color)) +
  theme_minimal()  +
  scale_x_date(breaks = as.Date(paste0(seq(1960,2100,  5), "-01-01")),
               labels = date_format("%Y")) +
  scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.35, 0.85),
        legend.title = element_blank()) +
  xlab("") + ylab("GF01 - Services généraux des admin pub") +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-30, 30, 1),
                labels = percent_format(a = 1))

2-digit

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "PC_TOT",
         time == "2019",
         sector == "S13",
         nchar(cofog99) == 4,
         na_item == "P5") |>
  
  
  select(Geo, cofog99, Cofog99, values) |>
  mutate(Geo = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", Geo))),
         Geo = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Geo, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  spread(Geo, values) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}

4-digit

Code

gov_10a_exp |>
  filter(geo %in% c("FR", "DE"),
         unit == "PC_TOT",
         time == "2019",
         sector == "S13",
         na_item == "P5") |>
  
  
  select(Geo, cofog99, Cofog99, values) |>
  mutate(Geo = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(gsub(" ", "-", Geo))),
         Geo = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Geo, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
  spread(Geo, values) %>%
  {if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}