Last observation: Q: 2025-12-31 (N = 132)
First observation: Q: 1947-12-31 (N = 1)
Last data update: 25 jul 2026, 09:54. Last compile: 17 aoû 2026, 22:31
Credit-to-GDP gaps - CREDIT_GAP
Data - BIS
Info
Structure
iso3c, iso2c, Borrowers’ country
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
arrange(iso3c, date) |>
group_by(iso3c, iso2c, `Borrowers' country`) |>
summarise(Nobs = n(),
start = first(date),
end = last(date)) |>
arrange(-Nobs) |>
mutate(Flag = gsub(" ", "-", str_to_lower(`Borrowers' country`)),
Flag = paste0('<img src="../../icon/flag/vsmall/', Flag, '.png" alt="Flag">')) |>
select(Flag, everything()) %>%
{if (is_html_output()) datatable(., filter = 'top', rownames = F, escape = F) else .}date
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
group_by(date) |>
summarise(Nobs = n()) |>
arrange(desc(date)) |>
print_table_conditional()Spain, Italy, United States
Credit to GDP Ratio
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "A",
iso3c %in% c("ESP", "USA", "ITA")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 300, 20),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Credit to GDP Gaps
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "C",
iso3c %in% c("ESP", "USA", "ITA")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 300, 20),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Denmark, Netherlands, Germany
Credit to GDP Ratio
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "A",
iso3c %in% c("DNK", "NLD", "DEU")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 300, 20),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Credit to GDP Gaps
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "C",
iso3c %in% c("DNK", "NLD", "DEU")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.15, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 300, 10),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Spain, Ireland, Portugal
Credit to GDP Ratio
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "A",
iso3c %in% c("IRL", "ESP", "PRT")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 600, 20),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Credit to GDP Gaps
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "C",
iso3c %in% c("IRL", "ESP", "PRT")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.15, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-300, 300, 10),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
France, Spain, Italy
Credit to GDP Ratio
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "A",
iso3c %in% c("FRA", "ESP", "ITA")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.85),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-60, 300, 20),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))
Credit to GDP Gaps
Code
CREDIT_GAP |>
filter(CG_DTYPE == "C",
iso3c %in% c("FRA", "ESP", "ITA")) |>
left_join(colors, by = c("Borrowers' country" = "country")) |>
mutate(value = value/100) |>
ggplot() + theme_minimal() + ylab("Credit-to-GDP ratio") + xlab("") +
geom_line(aes(x = date, y = value, color = color)) +
scale_color_identity() + add_flags +
scale_x_date(breaks = seq(1920, 2100, 5) |> paste0("-01-01") |> as.Date(),
labels = date_format("%Y")) +
theme(legend.position = c(0.15, 0.9),
legend.title = element_blank()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = 0.01*seq(-300, 300, 10),
labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1))